Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a consequence of a slowly propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization (spreading depolarization; SD). Massive release of glutamate contributes to SD propagation, and it was recently shown that Zn(2+) is also released from synaptic vesicles during SD. The present study examined consequences of extracellular Zn(2+) accumulation on the propagation o...

Spreading depression (SD) as well as hypoxia-induced SD-like depolarization in forebrain gray matter are characterized by near complete depolarization of neurons. The biophysical mechanism of the depolarization is not known. Earlier we reported that simultaneous pharmacological blockade of all known major Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels prevents hypoxic SD. We now recorded extracellular voltage, Na(+...

39 Cortical spreading depolarizations (spreading depressions and peri-infarct 40 depolarizations) are a pathology intrinsic to acute brain injury, generating large negative 41 extracellular slow potential changes (SPCs) which, lasting on the order of minutes, are 42 studied with DC-coupled recordings in animals. The spreading SPCs of depolarization 43 waves are observed in human cortex with AC-...

Cortical spreading depolarizations (spreading depressions and peri-infarct depolarizations) are a pathology intrinsic to acute brain injury, generating large negative extracellular slow potential changes (SPCs) that, lasting on the order of minutes, are studied with DC-coupled recordings in animals. The spreading SPCs of depolarization waves are observed in human cortex with AC-coupled electroc...

iontophoresis of epinephrine for assessment of neuromuscular junction response is a new technique that can improve diagnose of neuromuscular dysfunction. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of iontophoresis of epinephrine on neuromuscular junction response. iontophoresis of epinephrine solution (1mg/ml), sodium chloride, calcium gluconate, epinephrine with sodium chloride a...