Acquiring multi-temporal spatial information on vegetation condition at scales appropriate for site-specific agricultural management is often complicated by the need for meticulous field measurements. Understanding spatial/temporal crop cover heterogeneity within irrigated croplands may support sustainable land use, specifically in areas affected by land degradation due to secondary soil salini...

We propose a model that elucidates the two channels through which alternative marketing arrangements affect spot price in livestock markets. The direct effect works through their effect on demand and supply. The indirect effect works through spot price volatility, which has been ignored in the literature. We then estimate a dynamic model with data from the U.S. hog market to test our model impl...

Commitments to take or refrain from taking certain actions are indispensable elements in most forms of interaction and exchange. Even the purest form of spot-market transaction rests on commitments: the commitment of the state to value a piece of paper in future exchanges, and the commitment of the individual not to steal back what has been sold. As transactions spread out over time and become ...

The literature on renewable energy suggests that an increase in intermittent wind generation would reduce the spot electricity market price by displacing high fuel-cost marginal generation. Taking advantage of a large file of Texas-based 15-min data, we show that while rising wind generation does indeed tend to reduce the level of spot prices, it is also likely to enlarge the spot-price varianc...

In this paper we investigate the simulation of real and reactive power spot markets. While spot pricing of real power remains a viable option for the creation of a power system market, the future of a reactive power spot market remains cloudy. The large capital investment portion needed in pricing reactive power as well as the highly volatile nature of reactive power spot prices makes the creat...

We consider the problem of designing a passenger-side automotive mirror that has no blind-spot or distortion. While reasonably good solutions have been found for the analogous problem for the driver-side mirror, a reasonable mirror for the passenger-side problem has not yet been found. Our model requires us to find surfaces perpendicular to a given vector field determined by the data. This is i...

In this work, using the scanning near-field optical fiber probe method, we carry out a direct observation of below-diffraction-limited optical spot induced by nonlinear saturable absorption characteristic of Ag-doped Si nanofilms. The experimental results indicate that the squeezed spot size decreases with laser power increase, and the smallest spot can be squeezed to 68% of the diffraction-lim...

This paper thoroughly investigates the price dynamics of carbon spot and futures returns for the first commitment period ranging from 2008 to 2012 with the aim to develop an adequate spot-returns-model. We apply a broad spectrum of various GARCH models including different distributions for model innovations. Both time series, spot and futures returns, exhibit asymmetric behavior in their varian...

Simultaneous quantification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablets by HPTLC method was developed and validated. The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (4:4:2, v/v/v) on pre-coated plate of silica gel GF aluminum TLC plate and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 276 nm. The Rf values were 0.41±0.03 and 0.60±0.04 for Lamivudine and Zido...