The Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) specification describes a key management scheme for real-time applications. In this document, we note that the currently defined MIKEY modes are insufficient to address deployment scenarios built around a centralized key management service. Interest in such deployments is increasing. Therefore, a set of new MIKEY modes that work well in such scenarios are ...

Large body of recent work has been devoted to multi-agent systems utilized in e-commerce scenarios. In particular, autonomous software agents participating in auctions have attracted a lot of attention. Interestingly, most of these studies involve purely virtual scenarios. In an initial attempt to fill this gap we discuss a model agent-based e-commerce system modified to serve as an airline tic...

This paper describes an extension of the Java language that provides “programmable security.” The approach augments the Java syntax with constructs for specifying various access control policies for Java packages, including DAC, MAC, RBAC and TBAC. A primitive ticket based mechanism serves as the foundation for programmable security. The implementation incorporates a preprocessor for language t...

After they stop drivers for exceeding the speed limit, police often have the discretion to alter the penalty. We investigated the degree to which extra-legal factors (apologies and other verbal responses), in addition to speed over the limit, predict ticket costs for speeding. Surveys of speeders were conducted in the U.S. and Canada. The data suggest that what people say to police matters. Par...

To place an order under this method, the customer calls a broker, who time-stamps the order and prepares an office order ticket. The broker then sends the order to a booth on the exchange floor. There, a floor order ticket is prepared, and a clerk hand delivers the order to the floor trader for execution. In some cases, the floor clerk may use hand signals to convey the order to floor traders. ...

It is sometimes thought that the lottery paradox and the paradox of the preface demand a uniform solution (Hunter (1996) and Foley (1992), for example). Let us see why that appears to be the case. I am justified in believing that my lottery ticket—call it t1—will not win, on statistical grounds. Those grounds apply equally to any other ticket, so I am justified in believing of any other ticket ...

Recently, operators of public transportation in many countries started to roll out electronic tickets (e-tickets). E-tickets offer several advantages to transit enterprises as well as to their customers, e.g., they aggravate forgeries by cryptographic means whereas customers benefit from fast and convenient verification of tickets or replacement of lost ones. Existing (proprietary) e-ticket sys...