Although chronic proximal tibiofibular joint instability is a rare condition, it is associated with marked functional impairment. Various surgical options have been reported in literature, all associated with several problems and limitations. We describe a new technique of reconstruction of the proximal tibiofibular joint using the semitendinosus tendon. The key steps of the procedure are the p...

Phase estimation, at the heart of many quantum metrology and communication schemes, can be strongly affected by noise, whose amplitude may not be known, or might be subject to drift. Here we investigate the joint estimation of a phase shift and the amplitude of phase diffusion at the quantum limit. For several relevant instances, this multiparameter estimation problem can be effectively reshape...

BACKGROUND Condoms are effective in preventing the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, when properly used. However, recent data from surveys of female sex workers (FSWs) in Karnataka in south India, suggest that condom breakage rates may be quite high. It is important therefore to quantify condom breakage rates, and examine what factors might precipitate condom breaka...

In this paper we study breakage rate statistics of small colloidal aggregates in nonhomogeneous anisotropic turbulence. We use pseudospectral direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow and Lagrangian tracking to follow the motion of the aggregates, modeled as sub-Kolmogorov massless particles. We focus specifically on the effects produced by ductile rupture: This rupture is initially...

PATIENT A 74-year-old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of masticatory dysfunction due to upper left molar denture breakage and poor retention of upper and lower dentures. The cause of the denture breakage was a lack of clearance, and that of denture instability was the unilateral design in the upper jaw, and breakage of the indirect retainer in the lower jaw. The treatment plan...

Breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in cancer arise when a broken segment of DNA is duplicated and an end from each copy joined together. This structure then 'unfolds' into a new piece of palindromic DNA. This is one mechanism responsible for the localised amplicons observed in cancer genome data. Here we study the evolution space of breakage-fusion-bridge structures in detail. We firstly consider di...

We extend the McPherson model for Si-O bond-breakage energetics, which considers only a single SiO4 tetrahedron, in a way to capture the effect of the whole crystal. No ledge in the direction assumed in the McPherson model was revealed. Instead, potential profiles feature a saddle point in a different direction. The activation energy for bond-breakage is found to be rather high (~ 6 eV). This s...

ATR, activated by replication stress, protects replication forks locally and suppresses origin firing globally. Here, we show that these functions of ATR are mechanistically coupled. Although initially stable, stalled forks in ATR-deficient cells undergo nucleus-wide breakage after unscheduled origin firing generates an excess of single-stranded DNA that exhausts the nuclear pool of RPA. Partia...

INTRODUCTION Breakage of the screws which may cause non-union or collapse of vertebral structures has been a complication of the pedicle screw fixation at a rate of 3-7 % [1-2]. Recently, flexible rods have been used for dynamic stabilization to avoid complications such as adjacent segment degeneration due to excessive stiffness of the spinal fusion by allowing intersegmental motion at the surg...