BACKGROUND Evidence is conflicting as to whether the bioavailability of food folates is influenced by the extent of their conjugation. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the bioavailability of 3 representative food folate sources with various degrees of glutamylation-ie, egg yolk, spinach, and yeast, whose polyglutamyl folate content measured 0%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. DESIGN In a...

Lipid and fatty acid compositions were determined for chloroplast envelope membranes isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. The lipid composition was similar in sunflower, spinach, and undifferentiated maize chloroplast envelope membranes and different in maize mesophyll chloroplast envelope membranes. The predominant lipi...

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an economically important green leafy vegetable crop. In this study, we performed deep transcriptome sequencing for nine spinach accessions: three from cultivated S. oleracea, three from wild S. turkestanica and three from wild S. tetrandra. A total of approximately 100 million high-quality reads were generated, which were de novo assembled into 72,151 unigenes...

The kinetic properties of the adenosine 5[prime]-diphosphate/adenosine 5[prime]-triphosphate (ADP/ATP) translocator from pea (Pisum sativum L.) root plastids were determined by silicone oil filtering centrifugation and compared with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and pea leaf mitochondria. In addition, the ADP/ATP transporting activities from the above organelles were reco...

Microgreens’ popularity is increasing worldwide, and many efforts are focused on novel techniques that could increase fresh production without affecting the quality shelf life of young plants. Three species microgreens (kale, durum wheat, spinach) were cultivated in a greenhouse experiment November–December 2020. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was applied at three different growth stages (...

This research aims to find the most significant selling potential of hydroponic plants. study compared three types plants: kale, spinach and Pak Choy. The sales plants were using several methods, namely Naive, Moving Average, Single Exponential Smoothing, Decomposition Additive. Water Choy got highest forecast decomposition-additive forecasting method, while used single exponential smoothing. p...

Field experiment was undertaken at research farm of IARI, New Delhi to study the effect change in microenvironment under different colour shade nets during summer and rainy season, 2012 on yield spinach. Spinach crop sown such as red, green, black, white along with control (without net) season. Crop duration from sowing harvesting 62 days 58 Different weather parameters were measured regular in...

This study investigated the role of extracellular cellulose production by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on attachment to lettuce and spinach in different water hardness environments. Two cellulose-producing wild-type STEC strains, 19 (O5:H-) and 49 (O103:H2), and their cellulose-deficient derivatives were used. Strain 49 also produced colanic acid as a constituent of its extrace...