Inflation, a cornerstone of the modern framework for understanding the early universe @1,2#, predicts the initial conditions for the formation of structure and the cosmic microwave background ~CMB! anisotropies. During inflation, the primordial scalar ~density! and tensor ~gravitational wave! perturbations generated by quantum fluctuations are redshifted beyond the Hubble radius, becoming froze...

The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)) infests wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other small grains and grasses. Russian wheat aphid infestations are unpredictable in time and space. In favorable conditions, Russian wheat aphid feeding can result in heavy damage to wheat and barley in a short period of time. A repetitive monitoring strategy that allow...

This article gives a short overview of the history of the document CIE 220:2016 Characterization and Calibration Method of UV Radiometers (CIE, 2016) and its most important content. In particular, the subject of spectral mismatch is covered. The technical document CIE 220 prepared by CIE Technical Committee TC2-47 describes quality indices for UV radiometers, which enable manufacturers and user...

Laplace operators perturbed by meromorphic potential on the Riemann and separated type Klein surfaces are constructed and their indices are calculated by two different ways. The topological expressions for the indices are obtained from the study of spectral properties of the operators. Analytical expressions are provided by the Heat Kernel approach in terms of the functional integrals. As a res...

Considering a forest cover (Balsam Fir with various densities) we analyze the sensitivity of several vegetation indices to ozone absorption using physical simulations in the spectral bands of MODIS, VEGETATION and AVHRR sensors. Except for the EVI, MSR and GARI, the results indicate that all the vegetation indices used in this study normalize the ozone absorption in particular TSARVI and GEMI. ...

An experimental arrangement is described for determination of refractive indices n and extinction coefficients k of strongly absorbing liquids and solids over a wide spectral region. The reflectivity of parallel polarized light vs angle of incidence is measured, and the optical constants are calculated from the minimum parallel reflectivity and the corresponding Brewster angle. The accuracy of ...

We investigate in this paper the dominant intraseasonal signals in both convection and circulation data using the nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA) method. Three Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) indices are constructed based on temporal modes extracted from pure cloudiness, lowerand upper-level zonal wind anomalies. All three indices reveal strong intermittency and capture well – thro...

We have previously reported a strong positive association between average day time and nighttime heart rate measured during 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and usual alcohol intake. Acute alcohol consumption has been previously described to reduce ECG indices of vagal activity, and men who are severely dependent on alcohol have been reported to have significantly lower indices of c...

Dryland salinity is a major land management issue globally, and results in the abandonment of farmland. Revegetation with halophytic shrub species such as Atriplex nummularia for carbon mitigation may be a viable option but to generate carbon credits ongoing monitoring and verification is required. This study investigated the utility of high-resolution airborne images (Digital Multi Spectral Im...

We present measurements of the wavelength dependence of the aerosol absorption coefficient taken during the TARFOX experiment over the Northern Atlantic. The data show an approximate λ variation between 0.40 μm and 1.0 μm. We explore the theoretical basis of the wavelength variation of the absorption of solar radiation by elemental carbon (or black carbon, BC). For a wavelength independent refr...