My immediate objective is to understand the interactions between convection and mesoscale circulation, in order to quantify the in uence of convective events on the large scale circulation. Such interactions include: (a) The lateral mixing generated by baroclinic instability and geostrophic eddy interactions. How e cient are lateral mixing processes in convective regions? Can these processes ac...

Analytical solutions have been obtained for both conservative and non-conservative forms of one-dimensional transport and transport-dispersion equations applicable for pollution as a result of a non-conservative pollutant-disposal in an open channel with linear spatially varying transport velocity and nonlinear spatially varying dispersion coefficient on account of a steady unpolluted lateral i...

The striatum is the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia. Characterizing striatal activity dynamics is crucial to understanding mechanisms underlying action selection, initiation, and execution. Here, we studied the effects of spatial network connectivity on the spatiotemporal structure of striatal activity. We show that a striatal network with nonmonotonically changing distance-dependent co...

[1] Representing spatially varying precipitation for current grid length scales used in General Circulation Models (GCMs) is a continuing challenge. Furthermore, to fully capture the hydrologic effects of nonuniform precipitation, a representation of soil moisture heterogeneity and distribution of spatially varying precipitation must exist within the same framework. For this study, the explicit...

1 University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1; {a22naray, ponnu}@uwaterloo.ca 6 2 University of Massachusetts Lowell, Massachusetts, USA 01854; [email protected] 7 * Correspondence: [email protected], Tel.: +1-519-888-4567 x31450 8 Abstract: Investments in wind and solar power are driven by the aim to maximize the utilization of 9 renewable energy (RE). This results in an increas...

Understanding the spatial variability of snow at many different scales is critically important for avalanche forecasting. This research uses new techniques to reanalyze an existing spatial dataset collected in southwest Montana’s Bridger Range during the 1996-97 winter. Recent developments in statistical software have greatly increased the ease with which mixed effects and spatially correlated ...

Species spatial distributions are the result of population demography, behavioral traits, and species interactions in spatially heterogeneous environmental conditions. Hence the composition of species assemblages is an integrative response variable, and its variability can be explained by the complex interplay among several structuring factors. The thorough analysis of spatial variation in spec...

The spatial patterns of the variability of the appearance dates of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidea) and the small white Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were investigated in Spain. A database of more than 7,000 records of the dates of the first spring sightings of each species in more than 700 localities from 1952-2004 was used. Phenological data were related to sp...

A connection between El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and weather phenomena in eastern Australia has been recognized for several decades. However, little work has been devoted to addressing how this correlation affects hydrological system behaviour within regional-scale catchments. In this study, spatially distributed ENSO effects are evaluated in terms of monthly rainfall, evaporation, stre...

We investigate variability in the surface ocean carbonate ion concentration ([CO 3 ]) on the basis of a long control simulation with an Earth System Model. The simulation is run with a prescribed, pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 concentration for 1000 years, permitting investigation of natural [CO 3 ] variability on interannual to multi-decadal timescales. We find high interannual variability in...