This paper presents the integration process of spatial technologies and Semantic Web technologies and its associated tool. The result of this work is a spatial query and rule engine of spatial. To do so, existing ontology with spatial elements is adjusted in order to process the spatial knowledge through spatial technologies. This paper outlines the methods and the processes of these adjustment...

The maximal representation of a shape is defined and algorithms for shape arithmetic are developed. Introduction A shape is any arrangement of spatial elements from among points, or lines, planes, volumes, or higher dimensional hyperplanes of limited but nonzero measure. According to Stiny (1991), a shape is in algebra U, or simply in U, whenever it is made up of elements from U. Thus, a shape ...

heavy metals, e.g. cd and pb emit and release into the environment during cement production and are deposited into soils. this research was carried out to determine the concentration and spatial distribution of trace elements in top soils around the kurdistan cement factory, west of iran in order to evaluate the effect of cement factory on the environment. twenty-four soil samples were collecte...

this study was conducted to determine the spatial variability and mapping of available micronutrients iron, zinc, copper and manganese on 20,000 hectares of soils in south of tehran lands in order to identify deficiency, enough and toxicity areas. 196 surface soil samples (0-25cm) to a regular grid network of 1000×1000m were collected and extracted by dtpa and tea and concentrations of elements...

presence of toxic metals in agricultural soils can impose adverse health impact on consumers. the main purpose of this study was to determine spatial distribution of elements fe, sb, mn in agriculture soils and crops of hamedan province in iran. soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from an area of 2831 km2.  iron, antimony and manganese in samples of soil and agricultural crops were extr...

What do people attend to when describing the locations of objects in space? This paper describes a study of the ways in which speakers of seventeen languages describe static spatial relations, delving into the meanings of two kinds of spatial relational terms evident crosslinguistically: specific spatial terms and generalized spatial terms. The findings provide support for the importance of geo...

Spatial trends and comparative changes in time of selected trace elements were studied in liver tissue from polar bears from ten different subpopulation locations in Alaska, Canadian Arctic and East Greenland. For nine of the trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se and Zn) spatial trends were investigated in 136 specimens sampled during 2005-2008 from bears from these ten subpopulations....