We partitioned the total beta diversity in the species composition of anuran tadpoles to evaluate if species replacement and nestedness components are congruent at different spatial resolutions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We alternated the sampling grain and extent of the study area (among ponds at a site, among ponds within regions, among sites within regions, and among sites within regi...

Host species richness and parasite species richness are often positively correlated, but the strength of this relationship varies from study to study. What accounts for this variability? Here, we explore the role of spatial scale in mediating the commonly reported positive relationship between host and parasite diversity. Building from ecological theory, we lay out a series of hypotheses for ho...

-In this paper a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) subcarrier intensity modulated (SIM) free space optical (FSO) link is considered in negative exponential atmospheric turbulence environment. To mitigate the scintillation effect, the selection combining spatial diversity scheme (SelC) is employed at the receiver. Bit error rate (BER) and outage probability (Pout) analysis are presented wit...

Theories to explain the diversity of species have required that individual species occupy unique niches and/or vary in their response to environmental factors. Positive interactions within a species, although common in communities, have not been thought to maintain species diversity because in non-spatial models the more abundant species always outcompetes the rarer species. Here, we show, usin...

The dataset described in this article, and made available as an accompanying spreadsheet, was used in the study entitled, "Neighborhood diversity and the creative class in Chicago," to assess the spatial associations between neighborhood diversity and the creative class at the neighborhood (i.e., census tract) scale in Chicago [1]. In this study, we found a significant positive association betw...

In this paper we evaluate the performance of LTE-Downlink System with different Transmit diversity and Spatial multiplexing MIMO modes in LTE-downlink. Here we analysis performance on BLER-Block Error Rate and Data Throughput vs SNR-Signal to Noise Ratio. Two Transmit Diversity schemes Space Frequency Block Codes (SFBC) and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) and two Spatial Multiplexi...

Regional landscape context influences the fate of local populations, yet the spatial extent of this influence (called the "scale of effect") is difficult to predict. Thus, a major problem for conservation management is to understand the factors governing the scale of effect such that landscape structure surrounding a focal area is measured and managed at the biologically relevant spatial scale....

In addition to orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC, QSTBC), cyclic delay diversity (CDD) is a transmit diversity scheme that achieves full diversity gain of NnR, with N transmit antennas and nR receive antennas. The performance in terms of spatial multiplexing gain is quite limited, since all degrees of freedom are used to obtain diversity. Thus the gap between the div...

Subtropical and tropical forests are biodiversity hotspots, and untangling the spatial scaling of their diversity is fundamental for understanding global species richness and conserving biodiversity essential to human well-being. However, scale-dependent diversity distributions among coexisting taxa remain poorly understood for heterogeneous environments in biodiverse regions. We show that dive...

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) blind spots are the regions within the maximum operating range of the RFID system where the RFID reader fails to read the RFID tag. The existence of blind spots have troubled supply chain management and RFID system engineers because any failed or omitted reading of RFID tag would slow down the inventory tracking process. This paper studies the potential loc...