This article summarizes our experience with cerebral palsy over the past 20 years. The primary and secondary deformities that occur with cerebral palsy are described. Following this, there is a brief overview of the nature and role of gait analysis in the treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. The concept of lever-arm dysfunction is introduced. Our current treatment algorithm is then pre...

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disease caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase, a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain aliphatic aldehydes fatty acids. We studied three Turkish Sjögren-Larsson syndrome patients with ichthyosis, developmental delay, spastic diplegia, and brain white matter dis...

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with worldwide incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, and mental retardation. Herein we report a 2-year-old male child with SLS, asthma, and recurrent pneumonia. SLS was confirmed by a molecular genetics study that reveal...

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by childhood-onset dystonia and a dramatic response to relatively low doses of levodopa. However, patients with DRD can be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy or spastic diplegia due to phenotypic variation. Here we report a young woman with DRD who were severely disabled and misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy for over 10 yr. A small do...

In 1972, Fried described a large Scottish family affected by X linked mental retardation (XLMR), hydrocephalus, and mild facial dysmorphism. The phenotype has considerable similarity to the MASA syndrome, which results from mutations of the L1CAM gene in Xq28, and this family has since been assumed to be an example of this condition. We have reinvestigated the family for linkage to X chromosome...

Several authors have reported functional and therapeutic benefits after the application of electrical stimulation to children with neurological disorders (1-3). A functional movement can be induced by electrical neuromuscular stimulation of the paralysed muscles with intact excitability of their peripheral innervation. A long-term use of electrical neuromuscular stimulation can strengthen the w...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of soft-tissue release on hip subluxation and dislocation in cerebral palsy as well as activities of daily living after surgery. Patients and Methods: Soft-tissue release was performed in 13 patients (19 hips) with cerebral palsy. Of them, 10 had spastic quadriplegia and three had spastic diplegia. Mean ages were 8.6 years at surgery and...

Introduction: Muscle strength is one of the most important and effective factors in movement disordersof spastic diplegic children with cerebral palsy. Respecting the fact that strength can influence gross motorfunctions, the aim of this study was to measure the effects of loaded sit-to-stand resistance exercises onsuch functions in this group of children with cerebral palsy. Materi...

BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy is the commonest cause of severe physical disability in childhood. For many years treatment has centred on the use of physiotherapy and orthotics to overcome the problems of leg spasticity, which interferes with walking and can lead to limb deformity. Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BT-A) offers a targeted form of therapy to reduce spasticity in specific muscle groups. ...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy on muscle tone, strength, and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] One-hundred-seventy-five children with spastic cerebral palsy (88 diplegia; 78 quadriplegia) received neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy for 35 minute...