Due to the overwhelming background of atmospheric muons, the traditional IceCube point source search in the Southern Hemisphere is mainly sensitive to neutrinos with energies above 100TeV. A new approach focuses on events starting inside the instrumented volume. By utilizing different veto techniques we are able to significantly reduce the energy threshold and can now for the first time explore...

The World Health Organization (WHO) convenes technical consultations in February and September each year to recommend viruses for inclusion in influenza vaccines for the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. This recommendation relates to the influenza vaccines for the forthcoming influenza season in the northern hemisphere (2011-2012). A recommendation will be made in September 2011...

[1] The spatiotemporal evolution of Southern Hemisphere climate variability is diagnosed based on the use of the NCEP reanalysis (1948–2000) dataset. Using the MTMSVD analysis method, significant narrowband variability is isolated from the multi-variate dataset. It is found that the ENSO signal exhibits statistically significant behavior at quasiquadrennial (3–6 yr) timescales for the full time...

This recommendation relates to the composition of vaccines for the forthcoming winter in the southern hemisphere (May–October 2008). A recommendation will be made in February 2008 relating to vaccines that will be used for winter in the northern hemisphere (November 2008–April 2009). Epidemiological considerations will influence which recommendation (September 2007 or February 2008) is more app...

Scaling behaviors of the global monthly sea surface temperature (SST) derived from 1870-2009 average monthly data sets of Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST (HadISST) are investigated employing detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The global SST fluctuations are found to be strong positively long-range correlated at all pertinent time-intervals. The value of scaling exponent is larger in the tropic...

The genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) consists of 10 species of low-growing, perennial herbs distributed throughout the moist temperate and cold regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Traditionally, the species have been divided into two sections: section Psychrophila in the Southern Hemisphere with diplophyllous leaves and section Caltha in the Northern Hemisphere with leaves lackin...

[1] The Southern Hemisphere subtropical anticyclones (SAs) are important features of the Earth’s climate. A broad consensus among Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 and phase 5 climate models suggests an intensification of summer SAs over SH oceans in association with the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Diagnostic and modeling analyses conducted here demo...

Semi-arid ecosystems are key contributors to the global carbon cycle and may even dominate the inter-annual variability (IAV) and trends of the land carbon sink, driven largely by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The linkages between dynamics of semi-arid ecosystems and climate at the hemispheric scale however are not well known. Here, we use satellite data and climate observations from...

The role of a Southern Ocean gateway in permitting multiple equilibria of the global ocean thermohaline circulation is examined. In particular, necessary conditions for the existence of multiple equilibria are studied with a coupled climate model, wherein stable solutions are obtained for a range of bathymetries with varying Drake Passage (DP) depths. No transitions to a Northern Hemisphere (NH...

Understanding Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) infection dynamics in wildlife is crucial because of possible virus spill over to livestock and humans. Studies from the northern hemisphere have suggested several ecological and environmental drivers of AIV prevalence in wild birds. To determine if the same drivers apply in the southern hemisphere, where more irregular environmental conditions prevail,...