Using estimated leaf unfolding data and two types of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI and NDVI3g) data generated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in the deciduous broadleaf forest of northern China during 1986 to 2006, we analyzed spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal relationships and differences between ground-based growing season beginning (BGS) and NDVI (...

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a self-reported outcomes measure for patients with sleep-disordered breathing-the Snore Outcomes Survey. DESIGN Item areas of the SOS were developed by an expert panel. Consecutive patients were enrolled into the study in a prospective manner. Patients received the SOS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Medical Outcomes Stu...

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of tibial speed of sound (SOS) can be used to determine bone strength. Children conceived with assisted reproduction treatments (ART) are taller than naturally conceived (NC) children, so we hypothesized that these infants would have higher SOS levels than NC infants. Thirty-seven ART (ART group) and 51 NC neonates (NC group) were included in the study....

A Service-Oriented System of System (or SoS) considers system as a service and constructs a value-added SoS by outsourcing external systems through service composition. To cope with the dynamic and uncertain running environment and assure the overall Quality of Service (or QoS), online reliability prediction for SoS arises as a grand challenge in SoS research. Online reliability prediction is e...

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) plays a critical role in signal transduction by activating Ras. Here we introduce a single-molecule assay in which individual SOS molecules are captured from raw cell lysate using Ras-functionalized supported membrane microarrays. This enables characterization of the full-length SOS protein, which has not previously been studie...

The design of ilities in System-of-Systems (SoS) architecture is a key means to manage changes and uncertainties over the long life cycle of an SoS. While there is broad consensus on the importance of ilities, there is generally a lack of agreement on what they mean and a lack of clarity on how they can be engineered. This article presents the DSTA Framework for Managing SoS Ilities, which cohe...

Recent advances in Sensor Web geospatial data capture, such as high-resolution in satellite imagery and Web-ready data processing and modeling technologies, have led to the generation of large numbers of datasets from real-time or near real-time observations and measurements. Finding which sensor or data complies with criteria such as specific times, locations, and scales has become a bottlenec...

The RecA protein in its functional state is in complex with single-stranded DNA, i.e., in the form of a RecA filament. In SOS induction, the RecA filament functions as a coprotease, enabling the autodigestion of the LexA repressor. The RecA filament can be formed by different mechanisms, but all of them require three enzymatic activities essential for the processing of DNA double-stranded ends....

Understanding crop phenology is fundamental to agricultural production, management, planning, and decision-making. This study used 250 m 16-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time-series data to detect crop phenology across the Midwestern United States, 2007–2015. Key crop phenology metrics, start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS), we...