Freshwater mussels are exceptionally sensitive to many contaminants including metals, but the mechanisms of toxicity are not fully understood. Similarly, our understanding of the protective effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also undergoing revision, since recent studies have found that DOM may also directly affect organism physiology, in addition to its well known capability in compl...

Background: The use of the desirability function approach combined with the response surface methodology (RSM), also called Desirability Optimization Methodology (DOM), has been successfully applied to solve medical, chemical, and technological questions. It is particularly effi cient for the determination of the optimal conditions in natural or industrial processes involving d...

Given a set 5 with an irreflexive relation >, define the operators dom and max as follows. For any subset T of S, dom T is the set of all x in 5 such that for some t\nT,t>x; max T= T — dom T. A solution of (S, >) is a subset T of 5 satisfying T = S — dom T. A solution of an w-person game in the sense of [3] is precisely a solution, as just defined, of a certain system (S, >) associated with the...

In this article we investigate the dual-shattering cardinal H, the dualsplitting cardinal S and the dual-reaping cardinal R, which are dualizations of the well-known cardinals h (the shattering cardinal, also known as the distributivity number of P(ω)/fin), s (the splitting number) and r (the reaping number). Using some properties of the ideal J of nowhere dual-Ramsey sets, which is an ideal ov...

1 Advances in genetics have allowed for greater investigation into the complex microbial 2 communities mediating mercury methylation in the environment. In wetlands in particular, 3 dissolved organic matter (DOM) may influence methylmercury production both through direct 4 chemical interactions with mercury and through substrate effects on the environmental 5 microbiome. We conducted microcosm ...

Climate models predict precipitation changes for much of the humid tropics, yet few studies have investigated the potential consequences of drought on soil carbon (C) cycling in this important biome. In wet tropical forests, drought could stimulate soil respiration via overall reductions in soil anoxia, but previous research suggests that litter decomposition is positively correlated with high ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between Professor Charcot and Brazil. BACKGROUND During the XIX century, French Neurology and its most prominent figure, Professor Charcot, dominated the area of nervous system diseases in the world. METHOD We have reviewed some of the main publications about Charcot's life, the biography of Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil and the development of Neurol...

Cereal Chem. 75(3):380-385 A digital image analysis method was developed to quickly and accurately measure the degree of milling (DOM) of rice. The digital image analysis method was statistically compared to a chemical analysis method for evaluating DOM, which consisted of measuring the surface lipids concentration (SLC) of milled rice. The surface lipid area percentage (SLAP) obtained by the i...

Agricultural land covers approximately 40% of Earth's land surface and affects hydromorphological, biogeochemical and ecological characteristics of fluvial networks. In the northern temperate region, agriculture also strongly affects the amount and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which constitutes the main vector of carbon transport from soils to fluvial networks and to...

New protein functions can require complex sequence changes, but the minimal path is not well understood. The guanylate kinase enzyme (GK(enz)), which catalyzes phosphotransfer from ATP to GMP, evolved into the GK domain (GK(dom)), a protein-binding domain found in membrane associate guanylate kinases that function in mitotic spindle orientation and cell adhesion. Using an induced polarity assay...