the speech act of disagreement has been one of the speech acts that has received the least attention in the field of pragmatics. this study investigates the ways power relations, social distance, formality of the context, gender, and language proficiency (for efl learners) influence disagreement and politeness strategies. the participants of the study were 200 male and female native persian s...

the aim of this paper is eliminating cr(vi) by natural hap. hap is a inexpensive material which is used from bovine critical bone ash in order to remove heavy metal ions like cr(vi). some experiments in different ph are performed (ph=2,3,7). maximum adsorption was appeared at ph=2, dosage=0.3 gr, c0=10 mg/l. cr(vi) removal depends on ph value and initial amount of cr(vi) result of experiments w...

some new water-soluble schiff base complexes of na2[m(5-so3-1,2-salophen)].nh2o; (5-so3-1,2-salophen = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-1,2-phenylendiamine); na2[m(5-so3-2,3-salpyr)(h2o)n].2h2o; (5-so3-2,3-salpyr = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-2,3-diaminopyridine); and na2[m(5-so3-3,4-salbenz)(h2o)n].nh2o; (5-so3-3,4-salbenz = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-3,4-diaminobenzophenon); where m = cu, n...

Abu al-Qasem Korrakāni (380- 469 A.H.) is one of the mystics and school leaders of Khorāsān that knowledge of his speech and mystical thoughts in examination of analytical history and determination of movement of Sufism is essential. Despite his unknowingness in Sufism, he served with many great and major leaders of Sufism and in his era, he was of monastery and disciples some of whom such as ...

Among the views on Imam Hosein`s purpose in his great movement, that of Ibn Tawoos in Lohuf has been well-known and common to such an extent that today many groups of scholars and all people believe that Imam went to Karbala to be killed for supporting Divine religion of Islam. In the paper,  the documents given in Ibn Tawoos` famous book , al-Lohuf, as one of the leading works in the field, ha...