B cells utilize three DNA alteration strategies-V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR)-to somatically mutate their genome, thereby expressing a plethora of antibodies tailor-made against the innumerable antigens they encounter while in circulation. Of these three events, the single-strand DNA cytidine deaminase, Activation Induced cytidine Deaminas...

A Burkitt lymphoblastoid cell line, P3J-HR-1, was fused and hybridized to a human sternal marrow cell line. The somatic cell hybrids were negative when examined for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) markers. When the hybrid cells were exposed to 5-iododeoxyuridine, both EBV-specific antigens and virus particles were induced as determined by the immunofluorescence test and by electron microscopy. The dat...

Spatial distribution of components of nuclear metabolism provides a significant impact on regulation of the processes of gene expression. While distribution of the key nuclear antigens and their association with the defined nuclear domains were thoroughly traced in mammalian somatic cells, similar data for the preimplantation embryos are scanty and fragmental. However, the period of cleavage is...

In the reference laboratory complete serological identification of salmonella requires the identification of 59 'O' (somatic) and 87 'H' (flagellar) antigens. When large numbers of strains are studied mechanisation of the serological techniques would be advantageous. Normally, slide and tube agglutination methods are used,' 2 and the latter is an essential confirmatory test. The antisera used a...

The functional affinity of IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) was measured in 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 24 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 13 with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and in 13 seropositive healthy individuals. The functional affinity of IgM RF from patients with RA was significantly lower than in the other clinical groups studied. In addition, there was a significant i...

Background Host immunity is coordinated through a complex network of intercellular communication. Similar to the sculpting of tumor antigens during oncogenesis, a related hypothesis is that proteins secreted by malignant cells are shaped by somatic evolution. Malignant cells that then emerge secrete proteins that alter intercellular communication to promote tumor growth. As exosomes represent a...

A total of 111 Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from healthy and diseased rabbits were typed for capsular and somatic antigens by the typing systems of Carter and Heddleston, respectively. The major serotypes of the 48 P. multocida isolates recovered from nasal cavities of healthy rabbits were serotypes 12:A (33%), nontypable:A (50%), and nontypable:D (10%). Similarly, the major serotyp...

Representative type strains as well as field strains of Pasteurella multocida from fowl cholera were examined by the indirect hemagglutination procedure and by a rapid plate agglutination test. The former method identified the specific capsular or K substance, and the latter identified the somatic antigens. Inagglutinable organisms were made agglutinable for the rapid procedure by treatment wit...

Growth of strains of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella pullorum on Hektoen agar has been reported to influence the expression of long-chain lipopolysaccharide and motility respectively. In this study we used a panel of strains of S. enteritidis and S. pullorum to investigate these phenomena. Culture on Hektoen agar did not cause rough strains of S. enteritidis to express long-chain lipopoly...

Three monoclonal antibodies against human monocytes have been produced by somatic cell fusion. Extensive specificity analysis suggests that these antibodies react with most if not all human peripheral blood monocytes and not with highly purified T or B cells. Initial chemical characterization of the monocyte antigen recognized by two of these antibodies is presented. The molecule is a single po...