Solvent exchange is a process involving mixing between good solvent with dissolved solute and poor solvent. The creates local oversaturation which causes the nucleation of minute droplets. Such ternary systems on macro-scale have remained unexplored in turbulent regime. We experimentally study by injecting mixtures ethanol trans-anethole into water, forming buoyant jet upward direction. Locally...

The optimum conditions for the antioxidant extraction from maqui berry were determined using a response surface methodology. A three level D-optimal design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables namely, solvent type (methanol, acetone and ethanol), solvent concentration and extraction time over total antioxidant capacity by using the oxygen radical absorbance capacit...

There are two types of application for gas chromatography (GC) in the supercritical fluid extraction process. Gas chromatography is a type of supercritical extraction apparatuses which can separate a component from a multi-component mixture during supercritical extraction. Therefore, this application can be the alternative to conventional gas chromatography, which needs high temperatures for th...

Microorganisms have mechanisms that enable them to tolerate lethal concentrations of toxic compounds. This feature has been exploited in a wide range of bioprocesses that range from bioremediation applications to production of fine chemicals in two-phase reaction media. The ability to modify the physical properties of cellular membranes has long been put forward as a protection mechanism that e...

A new microencapsulation technique that utilizes interfacial mass transfer between two mutually soluble liquids has been developed. The technique is based on formation of a solid polymer film at the interface of a solution of a water-insoluble polymer and an aqueous solution, resulting from the mutual mass transfer of solvents (i.e., solvent exchange). Reservoir-type microcapsules were prepared...

Gravimetric fat data were obtained for a wide range of dairy products with fat contents ranging from 0.5 to 83% using pressurized solvent extraction at elevated temperatures and pressure (80-120 degrees C; 10.3 MPa). Extraction performance was sensitive to solvent composition, temperature, and sample matrix. By optimizing solvent mixtures, sample-solvent contact times of 8-10 min were sufficien...

Crystallization and preliminary neutron-diffraction measurements of wild-type variant Val58-->Ile of the Escherichia coli trp repressor are reported. A vapor-diffusion chamber suitable for initial protein-solution Volumes in the range 0.2-0.5 ml was used to grow cube-shaped crystals with edge dimensions in the range 0.8-1.4 mm. Neutron Laue measurements to a nominal resolution of 2.1 A were rec...

Frechet-type benzyl ether dendrons of second and third generations with a carboxyl group (G2, G3) at the apex site could attach to poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP), forming hydrogen-bonded dendronized polymers (HB denpols) in their common solvent, chloroform. The HB denpols show unique self-assembly behavior, forming vesicles in the common solvent under ultrasonic treatment. The structure and morpho...

Escherichia coli mutants with improved organic solvent tolerance levels showed high levels of outer membrane protein TolC and inner membrane protein AcrA. The TolC level was regulated positively by MarA, Rob, or SoxS. A possible mar-rob-sox box sequence was found upstream of the tolC gene. These findings suggest that tolC is a member of the mar-sox regulon responsive to stress conditions. When ...

Recent increased demand for stingless bee honey in Malaysia have stimulated alternative methods to increase honey yields by using plastic cups as artificial honey pots within the beehives. However, honey’s acidity may lead to possible migration of plastic additives, where prolonged consumption may affect body’s physiological responses. This study was carried out to determine the presence of dib...