a Planetary & Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, MK7 6AA, UK b Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPMC & IRD, 75005 Paris, France c Earth Sciences department, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK d NASA Johnson Space Center, Mailcode XI2, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 7705...

[1] This study investigates the solidus and near-solidus phase relations of a Martian model mantle composition over the pressure range of 1–3 GPa and 775–1000!C. The presence of H2O has a tremendous effect on the solidus temperature of the Martian mantle, which decreases from 975!C at 1 GPa down to 800!C at 3 GPa. We use the results of this experimental investigation to explore the consequences...

Explosive eruptions involve mainly silicic magmas in which sulfur solubility and diffusivity are low. This inhibits sulfur exsolution during magma uprise as compared to more mafic magmas such as basalts. Silicic magmas can nevertheless liberate large quantities of sulfur as shown by the monitoring of SO2 in recent explosive silicic eruptions in arc settings, which invariably have displayed an e...

We studied the sources and transport of carbon in two active karst systems in central Texas, Inner Space Cavern (IS) and Natural Bridge North and South Caverns (NB), to provide new insights into the interpretation of speleothem (cave calcite deposit) carbon isotope compositions. We have determined the dC values of soil CO2 (d Cs) in grassland and savanna above these caves with dC values of cave...

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is a fiber reinforced composite (FRC) making process in which impregnated to fabric by application of vacuum. This also known as vacuum infusion process. The critical issue VARTM void generation. Voids form due variety reasons, most can be avoided. degassing one the solutions will reduce air entrapped inside during impregnation. In this work six la...

Volcanic unrest in calderas can be exhibited through a variety of different mechanisms, such as changes seismicity and ground deformation, well variations thermal and/or gas emissions. However, not all caldera results explosive caldera-forming volcanic activity. Alternative activity may include periods quiescence, passive degassing, effusive (e.g., lava flows lakes dome formation), magma inject...

Degassing of bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes in vacuum at 500 K is found to drive the thermoelectricpower (TEP) strongly negative, indicating that the degassed metallic tubes in a bundle are n type. The magnitude of the negative TEP indicates that important asymmetry in the electronic carbon pi bands exists near the Fermi energy. Easily measurable increases in the TEP ( approximately ...