A variety of physicochemical properties and several hydrogen-bond donors have been used to define methods build scales aiming at measuring the acceptance solvents. There is a great deal confusion in these methods. Solvatochromic, solvatocalorimetric, solvatovibrational, 19 F solvatomagnetic comparison are critically reviewed. Only two methods, solvatocalorimetric ones, able yield reliable solve...

The Solvatochromic technique was used to examine the solvent effects of ethyl 5-methyl-3 phenyl-1 H -indole 2-carboxylate [5-MPIC]. Different solvents were record 5-MPIC’s absorption and emission spectra at room temperature (300 K). ground state excited dipole moments estimated experimentally using Lippert’s, Bakshiev’s Kawaski Chamma Viallet’s equations. HOMO-LUMO gap MEP map also theoreticall...

Abstract Silica nanoparticles with embedded fluorescent dyes represent an important class of markers for example in biological imaging. We systematically studied the various incorporation mechanisms xanthene 30–40 nm silica nanoparticles. An parameter was interaction dye matrix material, either by weak electrostatic or strong covalent interactions, which also has implications on stability fluor...