“Pharmaceutical Solids” discusses scientific principles associated with pharmaceutical solids useful to practitioners in validation and compliance. We intend this column to help the understanding of principles associated with pharmaceutical solids and to be a useful resource for daily work applications. Enhanced process understanding is an important objective of the quality-by-design initiative...

single-phase squirrel cage and three-phase induction electromotors are the most popular electromotors used in industry from long ago. when an induction motor starts with direct connection method, it takes a lot of current from the power supply (several times the nominal current); so, several methods have been devised to start such electromotors. these methods either reduce the voltage of the st...

Complex hydrodynamic behavior of circulating fluidized beds makes their scale-up very complicated. In particular, large-scale lateral solids segregation causes a complex two-phase flow pattern which influences significantly their pe$ormance. Lateral solids segregation has been attributed to direct collisional interactions between particles as well as to interaction between gas-phase eddies and ...

Vertices and symmetries of regular and irregular chiral polyhedra are represented by quaternions with the use of Coxeter graphs. A new technique is introduced to construct the chiral Archimedean solids, the snub cube and snub dodecahedron together with their dual Catalan solids, pentagonal icositetrahedron and pentagonal hexecontahedron. Starting with the proper subgroups of the Coxeter groups ...

This study described the results of environmental enterovirus surveillance conducted in Shandong Province of China in 2013. Altogether 39 sewage samples were collected and 873 enterovirus isolates (including 334 polioviruses) belonging to 22 serotypes were obtained. Echovirus (E) -7, coxsackievirus (CV) -B5, E-11, E-6, and E-3 were the most commonly detected non-polio enterovirus serotypes, and...