background: ovarian cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. incidence of ovarian cancer is more common in postmenopausal women. premenopausal onset is rare and the present study described two cases of ovarian clear cell tumors in young women. case presentation: the patients presented with pelvic mass which was confirmed by sonography and laparotomy and final diagnosis was mad...

BACKGROUND Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1, also known as HFH1), a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in multiple tumors and is thought to be an indicator of poor clinical outcomes. METHODS A meta-analysis using qualified relevant literature was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of FOXQ1 in various malignant solid tumors. A sea...

CONTEXT Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are generally considered to be of low malignant potential despite their often large size at presentation. The diagnosis of a solid pseudopapillary tumor depends on the characteristic histomorphology supported by immunohistochemistry. The tendency of some of these tumors to be locally aggressive and also to metastasize has been well recognized...

We previously reported that smenospongine, a sesquiterpene aminoquinone isolated from the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans, showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activities on leukemia cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of smenospongine on solid tumors. Since angiogenesis is well known to be closely involved in growth and metastasis of solid tumors, the antiangiogenic effect o...

Oncotic and hydrostatic pressure differences control the movement of fluid and large molecules across the microvascular wall of normal and tumor tissues. Recent studies have shown that the interstitial fluid pressure in tumors is elevated and is approximately equal to the microvascular pressure. Whereas oncotic pressure in blood plasma of various species is known, no data are available on the o...

In tumors, cross talk between malignant and non-malignant cells (stroma) influences tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Stromal cells in tumors typically include vascular cells, fibroblasts and a heterogeneous population of inflammatory cells. Adipocytes may also be present. Adipose tissue is perhaps the least studied stromal cell "compartment" despite the fact that some tumors, particul...

In this review, we discuss recent issues about cancer stem cells, especially in solid tumors. Cancer stem cells show the ability to self-renew; and they possess multi-potential differentiation and tumorigenic potential. Cancer stem cells are reported to show resistance to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy, and therefore, they are involved in progression, recurrence, and metastasis in cancer. Th...

Despite the progress of the past few decades in treating pediatric solid tumors, patients who present with these tumors continue to present challenges. We have collected “state-of-the-science” reviews for selected solid tumors occurring in children. Almost 24 years ago we wrote a review, “New Insights into the causes of Cancer” for a volume devoted to Solid Tumors in Children that was published...

Oncology trial end-points continue to receive considerable attention, as illustrated by the development and revisions to the RECIST criteria. In this article, we focus the reader away from the issue of end-points for phase II trials and towards what we believe to be an even more important issue, the fundamental need for randomisation in phase II oncology trials, ideally with blinding and dose-r...

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that is caused by massive tumor cell lysis. It is commonly associated with hematological cancers like leukemia and lymphoma and uncommonly with solid nonhematologic tumors as well. However, spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) without any cytotoxic chemotherapy rarely occurs in solid tumors. We describe a case of STLS in a metastatic adeno...