Precipitation and air temperature data, only, are often recorded at meteorological stations, with radiation beingmeasured at very few weather stations, especially in developing countries. Therefore there arises a need for suitablemodels to estimate solar radiation for a completion of data sets. This paper is about an evaluation of eight models foran estimation of daily solar radiation (Q) from ...

                                                                 In Iraq, solar radiation field measurements are available only for very limited locations such as some universities and research centers. This article reviews and compares the measured monthly averaged global solar radiation data for Iraqi provinces and cities available in the literature and studies over the internet especially Go...

introduction climate change happens due to abnormal changes of climate within the earth’s atmosphere and their consequences. one of the most significant effects of climate change is the irreversible damage to some floral species and forest ecosystems. tree species reflect the impact of climate changes on their ring width. generally, tree rings vary in size each year depending upon the environme...

The prediction of hourly solar radiation data has important consequences in many solar applications (Markvart, Fragaki & Ross, 2006). Such data can be regarded as a time series and its prediction depends on accurate modeling of the stochastic process. The computation of the conditional expectation, which is in general non-linear, requires the knowledge of the high order distribution of the samp...

the present study compared simple thermal indices and the indices derived from energy budget models in the northwest of iran. for this purpose, the air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, cloud, cover and wind speed of 13 meteorological stations in the northwest of iran during the  the period of 1986 to 2007 were selected for comparison. the results which were extracted using biokl...

High-energy charged particles represent a severe radiation risk for astronauts and spacecrafts and could damage ground critical infrastructures related to space services. Different natural sources are the origin of these particles, among them galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles and particles trapped in radiation belts. Solar particle events (SPE) consist in the emission of high-ener...

Various solar broadband models have been developed in the last half of the 20th century. The driving demand has been the estimation of available solar energy at different locations on earth for various applications. The motivation for such developments, though, has been the ample lack of solar radiation measurements at global scale. Therefore, the main goal of such codes is to generate artifici...