Demand of energy is more sensible now because of population growth and economic growth of countries. In order to increase of energy consumption around the world and environment pollution, attention to the renewable energy such as solar energy is inevitable. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) electric power systems not only produce electricity, they are also part of the building. For exam...

The unpredictable rise and frequent scarcity of fossil fuel accelerated the continuous search for an alternative power source. Solar is one of the renewable and sustainable sources of power that attracted a large community of researchers from all over the world. This is largely due to its abundant in both direct and indirect form. As such the development of efficient and inexpensive equipment f...

Very high efficiency is an important characteristic of the value proposition for solar to electric conversion. High efficiency is the shortest path to cost-effective commercial applications and leads to new high value applications such as portable battery charging. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has initiated the Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) program to address the crit...

Artificial neural networks (ANN's) are more and more widely used in energy management processes. ANN's can be very useful in optimizing the energy demand of buildings, especially of those of high thermal inertia. These include the so-called solar buildings. For those buildings, a controller able to forecast not only the energy demand but also the weather conditions can lead to energy savings wh...

The solar{wind driven magnetosphere{ionosphere system is a classic example of a complex dynamical system (CDS). The de ning properties of a CDS are (1) sensitivity to initial conditions; (2) multiple space{time scales; (3) bifurcation sequences with hysteresis in transitions between attractors; and (4) noncompositionality. Noncompositionality means that the behavior of the system as a whole is ...

Satellite performance and capability have increased dramatically, particularly for micro- nanosatellites, requiring more power supply higher thermal conditions. Problems worth considering include how to provide with little or no weight increase, reduce satellite control difficulties. A new way decrease the temperature of solar panels on a was proposed. Firstly, model cells is presented, relatio...

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) are parts of the major energy consumption in a building. Conventional heating and cooling systems are having an impact on carbon dioxide emissions, as well as on security of energy supply. In this regard, one of the attempts taken by researchers is the development of solar heating and cooling technologies. The objective of this paper is to revie...