Light-initiated additive manufacturing techniques typically rely on layer-by-layer addition or continuous extraction of polymers formed via nonliving, free radical polymerization methods that render the final materials "dead" toward further monomer insertion; the polymer chains within the materials cannot be reactivated to induce chain extension. An alternative "living additive manufacturing" s...

Added organic materials [1], composts and organic fertilisers are involved in building soil organic matter. They are a factor in soil property improvement, and can represent an important source of nutrients for both plants and soil organisms. Even a century ago [2], the composition of added organic materials was thought to have a direct influence on organic matter transformation. Intense work i...

Background & Aims of the Study: Heavy metals are the most important contaminants in the soil. Due to their non-biodegradable property, heavy metals can persist in the ecosystem for a long time. Therefore, this research focuses on heavy metal contamination in urban park soils in Asadabad, Hamedan, Iran. Materials & Methods: Altogether 18 composite soil samples were collect...

In forest soils on calcareous parent material, carbonate is a key component that influences both chemical and physical soil properties and thus fertility and productivity. At low organic carbon contents, it is difficult to distinguish between organic and inorganic carbon, e.g. carbonates, in soils. The common gas-volumetric method to determine carbonate has a number of disadvantages. We hypothe...

[1] Recent field observations demonstrate that a significant discrepancy exists between models and measurements of large dust aerosol particles at remote sites. We assess the fraction of this bias explained by assumptions involving four different dust production processes. These include dust source size distribution (constant or dynamically changing according to saltation and sandblasting theor...

PICT (Pollution Induced Community Tolerance) to Cu is a useful and sensitive tool assess the effects of pollution in soils under laboratory conditions. However, field situations, absence reference values, i.e. bacterial community tolerance baseline from non-polluted soils, make method uncertain when we want know if soil or not polluted microbiological point view. In order shed some light on thi...

The composition of soil, particularly its organic matter content, reflects its role as a major controller of ecosystem functioning and soil fertility (Paul and Collins 1998, Basso et al. 2011, Bhardwaj et al. 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM), the largest global reservoir of terrestrial organic carbon (C), contains three to four times as much stored C as either the atmosphere or plant biomass. T...

During 1971 and 1972 a detailed study was conducted on a fallow field in the proposed Oahe Irrigation Project to determine the relationship between the tonal variation observed on aerial photographs and the properties of eroded soil. Correlation and regression analysis of digitized, multiemulsion, color infrared film (2443) data and detailed field data revealed a highly significant correlation ...

Fly ash is one of coal ashes resulted from power plants using coal to generate electricity. As a result of large utilization of coal, large volumes of coal ash produced as waste material. Direct use of these materials in construction projects, not only provides a promising solution to the disposal problem, but also as an alternative for structural fills material. High shear strength, low compre...

introduction soil plays a vital role in human life as the very survival of mankind is tied to the preservation of soil productivity (kabata- pendies and mukherjee, 2007). the purpose of this study is the assessment of heavy metal contamination (zn, mn, pb, fe, ni, cr) of the soil around the khuzestan steel complex. materials and methods for this purpose, 13 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were t...