Let G be a locally compact group, let L1(G) be its group algebra, let M(G) be its usual measure algebra, let L1(G)∗∗ be the second dual of L1(G) with an Arens product, and let LUC(G)∗ be the conjugate of the space LUC(G) of bounded, left uniformly continuous, complex-valued functions on G with an Arens-type product. We find all the finite-dimensional left ideals of these algebras. We deduce tha...

The concept of the Jacobson radical of a ring is generalized to semirings. A semiring is a system consisting of a set S together with two binary operations, called addition and multiplication, which forms a semigroup relative to addition, a semigroup relative to multiplication, and the right and left distributive laws hold. The additive semigroup of S is assumed to be commutative. The right ide...

OBJECTIVE To identify the right and left difference of the facial soft tissue landmarks three-dimensionally from the subjects of normal occlusion individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 48 normal occlusion adults (24 men, 24 women), and reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models by using a 3D image soft ware. 3D position of 27 soft tissue...

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in the minimal deterministic automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of regular languages is the worst-case syntactic complexity taken as a function of the state complexity n of languages in that class. ...

We consider ideals and Boolean combinations of ideals. For the regular languages within these classes we give expressively complete automaton models. In addition, we consider general properties of regular ideals and their Boolean combinations. These properties include effective algebraic characterizations and lattice identities. In the main part of this paper we consider the following determini...

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), Pythagorean (PFS), and q-rung orthopair (q-ROFS) are among those concepts which widely used in real-world applications. However, these theories have their own limitations terms of membership non-membership functions, as they cannot be obtained from the whole unit plane. To overcome restrictions, we developed concept a complex linear Diophantine set (CLDFS) by ge...

This article grew out of recent work of Dykema, Figiel, Weiss, and Wodzicki (Commutator structure of operator ideals) which inter alia characterizes commutator ideals in terms of arithmetic means. In this paper we study ideals that are arithmetically mean (am) stable, am-closed, am-open, soft-edged and soft-complemented. We show that many of the ideals in the literature possess such properties....

We apply minimal weakly generating sets to study the existence of Add ( U R ) -covers for a uniserial module . If is right over ring , then S : = End has at most two maximal (right, left, two-sided) ideals: one set I all endomorphisms that are not injective, and other K surjective. prove if either finitely generated, or artinian, ? class covering only it closed under direct limit. Moreover, we ...

For four wide classes of topological rings $\mathfrak R$, we show that all flat left R$-contramodules have projective covers if and only are descending chains cyclic discrete right R$-modules terminate the quotient R$ perfect. Three for which this holds complete, separated associative with a base neighborhoods zero formed by open two-sided ideals such either ring is commutative, or it has count...

In this paper we introduce R-right (left), L-left (right) cancellative and weakly R(L)-cancellative semigroups and will give some equivalent conditions for completely simple semigroups, (completely) regular right (left) cancellative semigroups, right (left) groups, rectangular groups, rectangular bands, groups and right (left) zero semigroups according to R-right (left), L-left (right) and weak...