African-American children have lower lung volumes than White children. However, the contributions of anthropometric, socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors to this difference are unknown. From participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), the authors selected 1,462 healthy nonsmoking children (623 White and 839 African-American) aged 8-17...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The bacterial profile of saliva is composed of bacteria from different oral surfaces. The objective of this study was to determine whether different diet intake, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status is associated with characteristic bacterial saliva profiles. DESIGN Stimulated saliva samples from 292 participants with low levels of dental caries and periodontitis, enrol...

There is accumulating evidence that genetic influences on achievement are more pronounced among children living in higher socioeconomic status homes, and that these gene-by-environment interactions occur prior to children's entry into formal schooling. We hypothesized that one pathway through which socioeconomic status promotes genetic influences on early achievement is by facilitating the proc...

BACKGROUND The incidence of both gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia is on the rise; however, these pregnancy complications may not be systematically reported. This study aimed to examine differences in reporting of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes between hospital records and birth certificate data, and to determine if such differences vary by maternal socioeconomic status indi...

Socioeconomic status (SES) has powerful and complex impacts on health, and understanding the relationship between SES and health is essential for long-term improvements in the health of populations. In addition, in the United States, the impact of SES on health is inextricably intertwined with racial and ethnicity status and the historical development and maintenance of health disparities. Most...

We discuss the deletion of a single vertex in a Delaunay tetrahedralization (DT). While some theoretical solutions exist for this problem, the many degeneracies in three dimensions make them impossible to be implemented without the use of extra mechanisms. In this paper, we present an algorithm that uses a sequence of bistellar flips to delete a vertex in a DT, and we present two different mech...

We present a spectral study of the evolution matrix of the totally asymmetric exclusion process on a ring at half filling. The natural symmetries (translation, charge conjugation combined with reflection) predict only two fold degeneracies. However , we have found that degeneracies of higher order also exist and, as the system size increases, higher and higher orders appear. These degeneracies ...