This paper demonstrates that genetic programming can be used to create a circuit-constructing computer program that contains both conditional operations and inputs (free variables). The conditional operations and free variables enable a single genetically evolved program to yield functionally and topologically different electrical circuits. The conditional operations can trigger the execution o...

Second-order logic, it has been alleged by W. V. Quine [17], is nothing but set theory in disguise, and hence not logic proper. The second-order quantifiers, so the allegation goes, have to range over some kind of “higher” entity or universal: properties or attributes at worst; sets at best, as sets at least are extensional. Moreover, a set-theoretic understanding may allow us to appreciate tha...

This paper provides a new, decidable definition of the higherorder recursive path ordering in which type comparisons are made only when needed, therefore eliminating the need for the computability closure, and bound variables are handled explicitly, making it possible to handle recursors for arbitrary strictly positive inductive types.

In classical logics, the meaning of a formula is invariant with respect to the renaming of bound variables. This property, normally taken for granted, has been shown not to hold in the case of Independence Friendly (IF) logics. In this paper we argue that this is not an inherent characteristic of these logics but a defect in the way in which the compositional semantics given by Hodges for the r...

“prove((E,F),A,B,C,D) :!, prove(E,[F|A],B,C,D). prove((E;F),A,B,C,D) :!, prove(E,A,B,C,D), prove(F,A,B,C,D). prove(all(H,I),A,B,C,D) :!, \+length(C,D), copy_term((H,I,C),(G,F,C)), append(A,[all(H,I)],E), prove(F,E,B,[G|C],D). prove(A,_,[C|D],_,_) :((A= -(B); -(A)=B)) -> (unify(B,C); prove(A,[],D,_,_)). prove(A,[E|F],B,C,D) :prove(E,F,[A|B],C,D).” implements a first-order theorem prover based on...

We study a generalized version of the index calculus method for the discrete logarithm problem in Fq , when q = pn, p is a small prime and n→∞. The database consists of the logarithms of all irreducible polynomials of degree between given bounds; the original version of the algorithm uses lower bound equal to one. We show theoretically that the algorithm has the same asymptotic running time as ...

Let A be a well-formed formula of first-order modal logic whose only free variable is x. We shall use the following abbreviations: Mat(A) for (x)[OA * 0~A] Form(A) for (x)[DA vD-i] Ban(A) for ((x)DA) v ((x)U~A) Pred(A) for Form(A) v Mat(A). We read Mat(A), FormjA), and Ban(A) respectively as: "A is material", "A is formal", and "A is banal"; Pred(A) is the assertion of the Principle of Predica-...

A real-time process algebra, called ACSR, has been developed to facilitate the specification and analysis of real-time systems. ACSR supports synchronous timed actions and asynchronous instantaneous events. Timed actions are used to represent the usage of resources and to model the passage of time. Events are used to capture synchronization between processes. To be able to specify real-time sys...

Dependency quantified Boolean formulas (DQBF ) extend quantified Boolean formulas with Henkin-style partially ordered quantifiers. It has been shown that this is likely to yield more succinct representations at the price of a computational blow-up from PSPACE to NEXPTIME. In this paper, we consider dependency quantified Horn formulas (DQHORN ), a subclass of DQBF, and show that the computationa...

We use results on modal definability of first-order formulas to reduce the problem of answering conjunctive queries over knowledge bases (of any expressivity) to checking inconsistency of those knowledge bases extended with a number of ALCI concept assertions. This reduction has been shown to work for conjunctive queries without cycles that only involve bound variables. In this paper, we presen...