advice or treatment has not received attention from South African researchers. Consequently, the extent of serious harm to patients from medical intervention remains anyone's guess. But if the epidemiology of adverse events in clinical practice elsewhere in the world is anything to go by, it is safe to assume that medically caused injury, disability and death are not uncommon occurrences in our...

With the ubiquitous deployment of large scale networks, more and more complex human interactions are supported by computer applications. This poses new challenges on the expressiveness of security policy design systems, often requiring the use of new security paradigms. In this paper we identify a restricted type of obligation which is useful to express new security policies. This type of oblig...

How are claims about what people ought to do related to claims about what ought to be the case? That is, how are claims about of personal obligation, of the form s ought to φ, related to claims about impersonal obligation, of the form it ought to be the case that p? Many philosophers have held that the former type of claim can be reduced to the latter. In particular, they have held a view known...

NOTE: © Blackwell Publishing and the American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics. This version is not definitive. It has been posted with permission and is not for citation or further distribution. The definitive version is P.B. Miller & C. Weijer, “Fiduciary Obligation in Clinical Research,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2006; 34(2): 424-440. It is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com o...

In this paper, we give formal analyses of notions of fraud for the aim of verification of trade procedures. A fraud possibility is seen as an undesirable property of a trade procedure which its specification should not satisfy. It is argued that fraud may occur (in a trade procedure) when an agent violates an obligation and he/she also deceives another agent (a controller) about the fulfilment ...

rumors regarding the nature and influence of social anxiety that can increase productivity and reduce production and social validity employees, managers, agencies and organizations impair the. in this regard, we expect people who are ethics obligation, understand, analyze and manage rumors, have distinct behaviors. this study aimed to describe concepts such as gossip and review of management pr...

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This paper examines the economics of for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals through the prism of capital acquisitions. The exercise suggests that of two hospitals that are equally efficient in producing health care, the for-profit hospital would have to charge higher prices than the not-for-profit hospital would, to break even on capital acquisitions. The reasons for this divergence are (1) th...

The EU Data Retention Directive (2006/24/EC) provides an obligation for providers of publicly available electronic communications services and of public communications networks to retain traffic and location data for six months up to two years for the purpose of the investigation, detection, and prosecution of serious crime. Considering potential uses and misuses of retained data such as traffi...

I defend the claim, made in a previous paper, that ‘a Humean can be a contractarian’, against the criticisms of Anthony de Jasay. Jasay makes a categorical distinction between ‘ordered anarchy’ (which he associates with Hume) and ‘social contract theory’. I argue that Hume’s political position was conservative, not anarchist. On Hume’s analysis, a convention is an implicit agreement; the concep...