STUDIES using a variety of methods (transcranial Doppler ultrasonography,Xe inhalation, and single-photon emission computerized tomography) have shown a reduction ( 10 –20%) in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during non-rapideye-movement (NREM) sleep and an increase ( 20 –35%) during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep compared with wakeful state in healthy humans (5, 6). The close coupling between cerebr...

A mathematical simulation of flow regulation in vascular networks is used to investigate the interaction between arteriolar vasoconstriction due to sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and vasodilation due to increased oxygen demand. A network with 13 vessel segments in series is used, each segment representing a different size range of arterioles or venules. The network includes five actively regu...

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body weight through its actions on appetite and metabolism. Leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. We tested the hypothesis that diet-induced obesity is associated with resistance to the metabolic actions of leptin but preservation of its renal SNA and arterial pressure effects,...

The focus of this study is to explore the advances that Social Network Analysis (SNA) can bring, in combination with other methods, when studying Networked Learning/ Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (NL/CSCL). We present a general overview of how SNA is applied in NL/CSCL research; we then go on to illustrate how this research method can be integrated with existing studies on NL/CSCL, ...

Impedimetric lectin biosensors capable of recognizing two different carbohydrates (galactose and sialic acid) in glycans attached to antibodies isolated from human serum were prepared. The first step entailed the modification of a gold surface by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposited from a solution containing a carboxybetaine-terminated thiol applied to the subsequent covalent immobilizat...

26/11 Mumbai attack is one of the major terrorist attack in India, executed on November 26, 2008. For analyzing such terrorist attacks, Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the most effective technique, recognized worldwide. Various centrality measures of SNA have capability to find the key players/leaders and obtain a rank ordering of nodes in such networks. But, most of the times, each of these i...

Purpose The aim of the paper is to illustrate the use of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to map information and knowledge flow in six virtual project teams with members of diverse cultures in private and public sector companies in different sectors Methodology/approach Due to the area of research, we supplemented the in-depth interviews with an embedded SNA questionnaire and two stage analysis. F...

Behcet's disease (BD) with arthritis is often confused with seronegative arthritis (SNA) because of shared clinical symptoms and the lack of definitive biomarkers for BD. To investigate possible metabolic patterns and potential biomarkers of BD with arthritis, metabolomic profiling of synovial fluid (SF) from 6 patients with BD with arthritis and 18 patients with SNA was performed using gas chr...

Tanaka, Mutsumi, and Robin M. McAllen. A subsidiary fever center in the medullary raphé? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289: R1592–R1598, 2005. First published June 23, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00141.2005.—In fever, as in normal thermoregulation, signals from the preoptic area drive both cutaneous vasoconstriction and thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Both of these responses...

To ensure online collaborative learning meets the intended pedagogical goals (is actually collaborative and stimulates learning), mechanisms are needed for monitoring the efficiency of online collaboration. Various studies have indicated that social network analysis can be particularly effective in studying students' interactions in online collaboration. However, research in education has only ...