firms invest in their learning activities to improve their innovative efforts. these kinds of activities are either internal or external. knowledge which flows among local actors is one of the external learning factors. spontaneous knowledge flows among firms without any compensation or with compensation less than the real value is called knowledge spillover. this paper analyzes the effect of k...

Background: With the rapid population ageing that is occurring world-wide, there is increasing interest in “smart home” technologies that can assist older adults to continue living at home with safety and independence. This systematic review and critical evaluation of the world wide literature assesses the effectiveness and feasibility of smart-home technologies for promoting independence, heal...

BACKGROUND Intravenous (IV) medication errors are a common type of error identified in hospitals and can lead to considerable harm. Over the past 20 years there have been several hundred FDA reported incidents involving IV pumps, many of which have led to patient deaths. OBJECTIVE To determine the actual types, frequency, and severity of medication errors associated with IV pumps. To evaluate...

Recent advances in computing and communication technologies paved the growth for applications and devices in smart home environment. A typical smart home is highly characterized by heterogeneity elements that need to perform joint execution of tasks in an efficient manner. Although there are huge growth of services, applications and devices in smart home environment, the interoperability elemen...

Smart home services (SHS) have been developed by related firms and have had a strong impact on consumers’ lives. This research integrates involvement antecedents, innovation diffusion factors and a technology acceptance model to develop a conceptual framework for discussing consumer attitudes and adoption behaviors toward smart home service applications. A sample of 580 respondents from differe...

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Smart cards are being used to provide security for many types of applications, and with an estimated market of 3.3 billion in 2005, their usefulness is based on their intrinsic portability and security. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated the Smart Card Interoperability Program to provide standards (Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification –GSC-IS) an...

Smart systems and smart materials Smart structures are a new emerging materials system which combines contemporary materials science with information science. The smart system is composed of sensing, processing, actuating, feedback, self-diagnosing and self-recovering subsystems. The system uses the functional properties of advanced materials to achieve high performances with capabilities of re...

Due to continuous increase of population, this century the old system unfortunately suffers from many problems i-e limited production of electricity, while demand is going to be higher side on daily bases. To resolve this and similar other problems a quantum leap is required to connect communication via information technology. This dive towards a new efficient technology is called Smart Grid. T...

This article argues that smart grid technologies enable policy‐makers and communities to successfully manage enduring energy policy concerns. It defines what ‘smart’ energy technologies, grids and policies mean, and then evaluates how the smart grid can enable policy‐makers to respond to an emerging energy ‘trilemma’. Drawing on case studies from the United States, the article suggests that the...