In classical two-dimensional (2D) geodetic networks, reducing slope distances to horizontal ones is an important task for engineers. These along with directions are used in 2D adjustment. The common practice this reduction the use of vertical angles reduce using trigonometric rules. However, one faces systematic effects when angles. mainly due refraction, deflection (DOV), and geometric effect ...

In this article, radiowave fading caused by fire plumes due to the burning of heaps pine needles is studied. Detailed characterization impact in terms excess loss yielded at UHF frequencies, mainly L-band, when considering two different ignition sources, also presented. The implemented small-scale scenario composed a 1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="...

Utilization of energy storage system (ESS) in microgrids has turned to be necessary in recent years and now with the improvement of storage technologies, system operators are looking for an exact modeling and calculation for optimal sizing of ESS. In the proposed paper, optimal size of ESS is determined in a microgrid considering demand response program (DRP) and reliability criterion. Both lar...