In order to maintain stability, one of the variables, say y, must be a “jump” variable (or a “control” variable) which can respond instantaneously to new information and/or shocks, while the other variable, x, must be a “sluggish” variable (or a “state” variable) which is constrained to evolve continuously at all times. Therefore, unlike the “jump” variable y, x cannot change instantaneously in...

Although oxidative folding of disulfide-rich proteins is often sluggish, this process can be significantly enhanced by targeted replacement of cysteines with selenocysteines. In this study, we examined the effects of a selenosulfide and native versus nonnative diselenides on the folding rates and mechanism of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Our results show that such sulfur-to-selenium sub...

The current sluggish performance of the US economy follows one of the more remarkable booms in modern history. The late 1990s was a period of simultaneous output and productivity growth, low unemployment and stable inflation, culminating in an unemployment rate of only 3.9% in the fourth quarter of the year 2000. The absence of rising inflation during this period came as a surprise to many sinc...

Vision is sensitive to first-order modulations of luminance and second-order modulations of image contrast. There is now a body of evidence that the two types of modulation are detected by separate mechanisms. Some previous experiments on motion detection have suggested that the second-order system is quite sluggish compared to the first-order system. Here we derive temporal properties of first...

The efficiency of many energy storage technologies is limited by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and it is thus of great importance to develop highly active OER electrocatalysts made from earth-abundant elements. In this communication, we report a novel metal-free oxygen evolution electrode with high catalytic activity and stability through simple acidic oxidation o...

Subjects were required to perceptually judge the location of flash targets presented at the time of a saccade at various positions scattered two-dimensionally on a dimly illuminated structured background. The saccade-contingent mislocalization was shown only in the direction parallel to the saccade, and not in the direction perpendicular to the saccade. In addition, the mislocalization under th...

D ental care use patterns have been shifting dramatically over the past decade. More children than ever are visiting the dentist. But dental care use among adults is declining steadily, among all income groups, a trend that emerged well before the recent economic downturn. These shifting dental care use patterns have had important implications. National dental care expenditure began to grow at ...

In spite of an established link between poverty and under-nutrition in India, fall in under-nutrition is sluggish with fall in poverty. This research paper aims to seek answer on the effect of poverty decline on child under-nutrition in India over a period of one and a half decades. After examining the extent of association between poverty reduction and reciprocal changes in child under-nutriti...