The global fixed-time sliding mode control strategy is designed for the manipulator to achieve trajectory tracking in response uncertainty of system model, external disturbances, and saturation actuator. First, aiming at lumped disturbance caused by model disturbance, adaptive observer (AFSMDO) was introduced eliminate negative effects disturbance. parameters can adaptively change with disturba...

Flagellar beating of hyperactivated golden hamster spermatozoa was analyzed in detail using digital image analysis and was compared to that of nonhyperactivated (activated) spermatozoa in order to understand the change in flagellar beating during hyperactivation and the active microtubule sliding that brought about the change in flagellar beating. Hyperactivated flagellar beating, which was cha...

automobile body plays crucial role in preventing the collision energy transfer in severe accidents to the passengers. if the collision energy is dissipated or saved in bumper or chassis, the amount of damage to the occupants would be minimized. using novel laminated panel (fiber metal laminate) in auto body, and considering the characteristics such as high energy absorption, strength, high dent...

In this paper, a new roofing system is introduced, which is constructued using the precast composite sandwich panels. This roofing sandwich panels system consists of three kinds of precast concrete sandwich panels including capital panels, beam or between columns panels, and slab or middle panels. The panels are composed of three layers; A high strength reinforced concrete top layer. A thick la...

Following on Part I of this work series local kirigami mechanics, we present a study discretely creased mechanism as model to investigate the mechanics basic geometric building block kirigami--the e-cone. We consider an annular disk with single radial slit discritised by creases connecting kinematically flat rigid panels. The allow both relative rotation and separation between panels, capturing...