A 2×3 factorial design was used to study the impact of rearing systems, individual (I) vs. group (G) and different levels of milk/skim milk feeding (three schedules, F1, F2 and F3) on performance of crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) calves. Six calves (three from each sex) were taken in each group on the basis of their birth weight. All the calves were fed colostrum for three days and therea...

in this study, the possibility of including probiotic starter cultures for making yoghurt was investigated. set yoghurts were made using three bio-cultures, all containing bifido-bacterium spp.. the effects of these starter cultures and total solids (i.e. addition of 0, 1 and 2% skim milk powder) on the rheological and sensory characteristics of the bio-yoghurts were compared with a standard st...

In 1938 Schantz, Elvehjem, and Hart (1) reported that rats, calves, and pigs which received liquid skim milk as their sole diet excreted a considerable amount of galactose in the urine. No such excretion occurred when whole milk was fed. In studies with the rat it was found that the addition of 3 to 4 per cent of fat to the skim milk completely prevented the urinary loss of galactose, and furth...

Pseudomonas fluorescens P1 is a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from milk. Proteinase P1, the main extracellular heat-stable proteinase fraction of P. fluorescens P1, has been purified to homogeneity. A procedure with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using microplates and alkaline phosphatase conjugate was shown to detect 0.25 ng of proteinase P1 in 1 ml of reconstituted skim mil...

Heat treatment during the production of skimmed milk powder causes denaturation of proteins, thereby affecting the physicochemical properties of the skimmed milk powder. To understand the effects of heat treatment on the sensitivity of the casein micelles in skimmed milk powders, low heating type (L), normal heating type (N), high heating type (H), and super-high heating type (SH), to reaction ...

This paper reports a systematic approach to the development of a method that combines continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances including antibacterials (chloramphenicol, florfenicol, pyrimethamine, thiamphenicol), nonsteroideal anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, flunixin, ibuprofen, keto...

We model dynamic consumer choice in a stochastic optimal control framework and show conditions under which observable market share data possess the Markov property. Using 30 years of annual aggregate milk consumption data differentiated by fat content, maximum entropy is used to estimate nonstationary transition probabilities showing how consumer tastes and preferences have changed over time. T...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is associated with chronic mastitis in cattle, and disease manifestation is usually refractory to antibiotic therapy. Biofilm production is a key element of S. aureus pathogenesis and may contribute to the treatment failure that is consistently reported by veterinarians. Minas Gerais State is the largest milk-producing state in Brazil, and the characterization o...

The study was undertaken to evaluate some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town. Powder milk samples of six different brands namely Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland & Starship were collected from local market. Powder samples were analyzed to know the chemical (P, acidity, fat, protein, lactose, ash, moisture, solids-not-fat, total solids) characteristics. P, ac...