The circle of Willis (CoW) is a ring-like arterial structure located in the base of the brain and is responsible for the distribution of oxygenated blood throughout the cerebral mass. To investigate the effects of the complex 3D geometry and anatomical variability of the CoW on the cerebral hemodynamics, a technique for generating physiologically accurate models of the CoW has been created usin...

Methods We examined 50 formulae fed infants 1-12 months old with food allergy. The examination included a collection of allergy history, clinical evaluation and specific methods – the measurement of the coprofiltrate levels of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE to the cow milk protein and casein. The level of total IgE, cow and goat milk proteins IgE allergen-specific antibodies in coprofiltra...

Circle of Willis (CoW) plays a significant role in maintaining the blood supply for the brain. Specifically, when the stenosis occurs in the internal carotid artery (ICA), abnormal structures of CoW would decrease the compensatory capacity, leading to the local insufficiency of cerebral blood supply. The present paper built a series of lumped parameter models for CoW, and simulated the blood re...

The aim of this study is to show the importance and significance of goat milk . Goat is known as poor man’s cow .It play a vital role in the socio-economic structure of rural poor. Goat milk contains higher amount of Ca, Mg and P than cow and human milk but vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate contents are less. Although fat and protein is somewhat low in goat milk than cow milk, but there is a no...

Cull cows often are overlooked as a source of income to the cow-calf enterprise. Depending upon the relationships between cull cow and calf prices, and the herd culling rate, cull cow receipts generally account for 15 to 30 percent of cash receipts from the cow-calf enterprise. However, some producers give little attention to this source of income and ways of enhancing it. For many producers, c...

Background Antimicrobial use in livestock production is an important contemporary issue, which is of public interest worldwide. Antimicrobials are not freely available to Austrian farmers and can only be administered to livestock by veterinarians, or by farmers who are trained members of the Animal Health Service. Since 2015, veterinarians have been required by law to report antimicrobials disp...

Genetic improvement programs have done a great job selecting animals with superior genetics for milk production. Selection with emphasis on milk production is generally recognized as the single most important objective of breeding programs in dairy cattle worldwide. As a result of this improvement, the dairy cow has changed significantly over the past 7 decades with a remarkable increase in mil...

Deoni cow urine was evaluated for its effect on pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in wistar rats. Five groups with ten males and ten females were separately administered with distilled water (control), Chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg i.p, Phenobarbitone sodium 80 mg/kg i.p, cow urine 0.25 ml/kg p.o, cow urine 0.5 ml/kg p.o for seven days. After 30 min of last dose treatment pentobarbitone sodium 3...

Background: Heavy metals contaminated environment constitutes a serious problem for human and other organisms. Moreover, metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cr are toxic metals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluation of Cd, Pb, and Cr in the muscle of cow, calf, and sheep slaughtered in Sanandaj city from Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Sanandaj city in...