Traditional laser diodes operating at 650 nm are more prone to high-order mode excitation, resulting in poorer beam quality. In this paper, we designed GaInP–AlGaInP (LD) with a range and trench mode-modulation structure based on the of edge-emitting (EEL) diodes. The effect three-trench was investigated theoretically experimentally. right chips demonstrated good quality while maintaining high ...

Abstract In this paper, we conduct research of the waveguide strength under icing. Icing is assumed to be uniform along perimeter and length waveguide, so ice deposits considered in form an equivalent increase density structure. As a result, icing problem reduced gravitational bending waveguide. Waveguide has thin-walled rectangular cross-section; therefore, solution demand using theory plate. ...

We propose deep-subwavelength optical waveguides based on metal–dielectric multilayer indefinite metamaterials with ultrahigh effective refractive indices. Waveguide modes with different mode orders are systematically analyzed with numerical simulations based on both metal–dielectric multilayer structures and the effective medium approach. The dependences of waveguide mode indices, propagation ...

In this study, the technology for producing ridge waveguides with a minimal roughness of sidewalls and material surface in near-waveguide region was developed purpose fabricating miniature photonic integrated circuits on LiNbO3 substrate. Plasma etching processes were used waveguide fabrication different substrates. The specifications equipment plasma source, method mask substrate determined pr...

A two player singled out game is analysed. We determine the best strategies and give explicit formulas for winning probabilities. We also provide estimates of these probabilities.