Modelling the sound levels in the water column due to pile driving operations nearby and out to large distances from the pile is crucial in assessing the likely impact on marine life. Standard numerical techniques for modelling the sound radiation from mechanical structures such as the finite element (FE) and boundary element method are not well suited to predict the sound field efficiently at ...

Analytical solutions are developed for harmonic wave propagation in an axially or laterally oscillating pile embedded in homogeneous soil and excited at the top. Pilesoil interaction is realistically represented through a dynamic Winkler model, the springs and dashpots of which are given values based on results of finite element analyses with the soil treated as a linear hysteretic continuum. C...

According to what I will call a contextualist solution to the sorites paradox, vague terms are context-sensitive, and one can give a convincing dissolution of the sorites paradox in terms of this context-dependency. The reason, according to the contextualist, that precise boundaries for expressions like “heap” or “tall for a basketball player” are so difficult to detect is that when two entitie...

UNLABELLED Expression of type four pili (Tfp) is essential for virulence in Neisseria meningitidis. Pili mediate adhesion, bacterial aggregation, and DNA uptake. In N. meningitidis, the major pilin subunit is encoded by the pilE gene. In some strains, PilE is subject to phase and antigenic variation, which can alter Tfp properties and together offer a possible mechanism of immune escape. Pilin ...

Pile groups are important hydraulic structures and scouring around them is not only affected by the flow characteristics but also number arrangement of piles in a group. This research experimentally investigates temporal pile subjected to single peak hydrographs clear-water conditions. Results show that depths rear downstream lead could be decreased during up 24% diameter, final scour depth dif...

in the realistic manner, piles are similar to the slender columns that soil around them acts as a lateral support. the piles situated in the liquefiable soil layers, loss their lateral supports due to the liquefaction resulted from the seismic ground motion. in this case, pile has the potency of axial instability similar to the unsupported columns. this instability can lead to the lateral buckl...

In this paper effect of pile-soil consideration in obtaining seismic response offshore structure is assessed due to earthquake loading. InducedSeismic force is one of the most important excitations for the dynamic response of an offshore structure. According to API, Seismic forces should be accounted in platform design for seismically active regions in order to determine the allowable seismic r...

Scour in a flow field affected by waves, such as river estuaries or shallow waters, is more difficult to predict than scour currents. The main issue predicting the around circular files, undersea bridges, maximum depth and point of occurrence. In case two adjacent piles, location according spacing between piles arrangement method show lot difference compared single pile. this paper, KC number a...

In this paper, the lateral limiting pressure on square pile groups in undrained soil is explored using two-dimensional finite-element modelling. A parametric study conducted to assess role of pile–soil adhesion, group size and spacing capacity corresponding failure mechanisms. Results from output show that large closely spaced piles exhibit significant reductions compared equivalent single valu...

The effects and vertical bearing capacity of two jacked piles in sand are still not well understood, the mechanism adjacent pile’s uplift caused by jacking pile a double system is especially unclear, but these facets important to stability pile. In this paper, series tests performed on model sand, where influences length driving speed were studied. results revealed that mainly relation influenc...