Although thermal pressure is unimportant dynamically in most molecular gas, the temperature is an important diagnostic of dynamical processes and physical conditions. This is the first of two papers on thermal equilibrium in molecular clouds. We present calculations of frictional heating by ion-neutral (or ambipolar) drift in three–dimensional simulations of turbulent, magnetized molecular clou...

We explore the response of the He ii 304 Å and He i 584 Å line intensities to electron beam heating in solar flares using radiative hydrodynamic simulations. Comparing different electron beams parameters, we found that the intensities of both He lines are very sensitive to the energy flux deposited in the chromosphere, or more specifically to the heating rate, with He ii 304 Å being more sensit...

The crystallization of undercooled Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 melts is studied under isothermal conditions and at constant heating and cooling rates. Investigations are carried out by fluxing the melt with B2O3 and without any fluxing material. The isothermal experiments allow us to determine the complete time–temperature-transformation diagram with a minimum crystallization time of about 200 s for the fl...

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Knowledge of bacteria's heat resistance is essential for developing effective thermal treatments. Choosing an appropriate test method is important to accurately determine bacteria's heat resistances. Although being a major factor to influence the thermo-tolerance of bacteria, the heating rate in samples cannot be controlled in water or oil bath methods due to main dependence on sample's thermal...

Gamma-oryzanol, a group of phytosterol ferulates found in rice bran, possesses antioxidative activity and other bioactivities. The kinetics of thermal degradation of gamma-oryzanol in stripped rice bran oil (SRBO) were investigated under heating at 132, 160, 192 and 222 degrees C for 480, 140, 60 and 50 h, respectively. Losses of the overall gamma-oryzanol and its components (cycloartenyl ferul...