Quantifying the historical range and variability of landscape composition and structure using simulation modeling is becoming an important means of assessing current landscape condition and prioritizing landscapes for ecosystem restoration. However, most simulated time series are generated using static climate conditions which fail to account for the predicted major changes in future climate. T...

Abstract This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental and economic impacts climate change on global regional forests from now through 2200. By integrating representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 RCP 8.5 emission scenarios with models, vegetation model, socio-economic scenarios, forest explores long run adjustments both ecosystems markets to that have not been studi...

Last time we saw an early example of using coalescent theory to distinguish between two scenarios describing the history of populations. In the example we considered, Knowles [9] compared two scenarios, the “widespread ancestor” and the “multiple glacial refugia” scenarios. To make the comparison she simulated data under the “widespread ancestor” hypothesis, collected the samples into a multipl...

escalating development of tourism and petroleum industries in small islands such as lavan-iranrequires sound solid waste management. in the present investigation, three scenarios which consist of thecombination of landfill, recycling, incineration and composting and their environmental impacts have beenevaluated for 7514 kg/day of waste generation in lavan island. for this purpose, life cycle a...

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis can develop as a result of the initial mechanical impact causing the injury and also as a result of chronic changes in mechanical loading of the joint. Aberrant mechanical loading initiates excessive production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and stress that appears to damage mitochondria in the surviving chondrocytes. To probe the benefits of increas...

it is well known that damaged structural members may alter the behaviour of the structures considerably. careful observation of these changes has often been viewed as a means to identify and assess the location and severity of damages in structures. among the responses of a structure, natural frequencies and natural modes are both relatively easy to obtain and independent from external excitati...

The process of ductile fracture which occurs due to the accumulation, growth and combination of defects or cracks of material is called ductile damage. Failure in materials can be predicted, using damage mechanics and damage criteria. On the other hand, most of the materials depended to the manufacturing process, are formed in warm or hot conditions so that; the temperature also affects on the ...

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine the potential damage to the human retina that may occur from weightlessness during space flight using simulated microgravity. METHODS Human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells were cultured for 24 h in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration-designed rotating wall bioreactor vessel to mimic the microgravity environment of space. Sing...