The undrained shear strength of clay is an important parameter for the design embankments, shallow foundations, and pile foundations. Among various methods testing strength, simple essential when shearing mode soil surrounding similar to that in a test. This study employs series tests with Berkeley apparatus. Three reconstituted natural clays one artificial were tested range coefficients consol...

Plastic deformation in amorphous solids is known to be carried by stress-induced localized rearrangements of a few tens particles, accompanied the conversion elastic energy heat. Despite their central role determining how glasses yield and break, search for simple generally applicable definition precursors those plastic rearrangements---the so-called shear transformation zones (STZs)---is still...