SIR, The prevalence of the urinary infections in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is abnormally high. Pyocyst in patients with ADPKD is a very serious and potentially fetal infection. Diagnosis and treatment of this rare complication is hampered by the problems in the delicate identification of the infected cysts and poor penetration of the systemically used an...

GENERAL INFORMATION Key points: (a) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common genetic disorders; (b) There are two main types of PKD – autosomal dominant (most common) and autosomal recessive; (c) Diagnosis of PKD relies on a combination of clinical history, family history, imaging studies (computed tomography, ultrasound) and clinical findings (hematuria, hypertension, proteinu...

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by a germline mutation in the folliculin gene, which is characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas, multiple lung cysts and renal cancer. The clinical expression of the syndrome is highly variable, with recurrent pneumothoraces due to ruptured lung cysts in many cases. We report a patient with pneumomediastinum and cervico-facia...

A 45-year-old male presented with a clinical history of vague upper abdominal pain. There was no significant medical illness or any history of renal disease in the past. Clinical examination and laboratory parameters were unremarkable. A serum creatinine value of 0.83 mg/dL, serum sodium of 139 mEq/L and serum potassium of 4.2 mEq/L were reported. Contrast-enhanced CT study of the abdomen revea...