BACKGROUND The common carp is an important aquaculture species that is widely distributed across the world. During the long history of carp domestication, numerous carp strains with diverse skin colors have been established. Skin color is used as a visual criterion to determine the market value of carp. However, the genetic basis of common carp skin color has not been extensively studied. MET...

BACKGROUND As shown previously, exposure to NO donors initiates protective mechanisms in cardiomyocytes that persist after removal of the donor, a form of pharmacological preconditioning. Because NO also affects mitochondrial respiration, we studied the effect of NO on mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. METHODS AND RESULTS Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in primary culture were exposed to 1 hour ...

The effects of added Si and Fe on the rate of silicic acid uptake were examined during two cruises to the equatorial Pacific upwelling zone between 110uW and 140uW. Maximum uptake rates of Si (Vmax) were highly consistent with a mean of 0.026 6 0.007 h21(n 5 29), implying maximum diatom growth rates of ,0.6 d21. Halfsaturation constants for Si uptake (KS) also showed little variance, averaging ...

We demonstrate the implementation of a hybrid solar cell that comprises a surface nanostructured n-type Si and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). The Si surface before deposition of the organic layer was nanostructured by using CsCl self-assembled nanoparticles as a hard mask and dry etching to form radial junction architectures and enhance light diffusion and absorption. ...

BACKGROUND The coincidence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) infiltration and collagen deposition within a diffusely thickened intima is a salient feature of central arterial wall inflammation that accompanies advancing age. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain undefined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Immunostaining and immunoblotting of rat aortae demonstrate that a triad ...

We investigated the structure of SiO2 glass up to 172 GPa using high-energy X-ray diffraction. The combination of a multichannel collimator with diamond anvil cells enabled the measurement of structural changes in silica glass with total X-ray diffraction to previously unachievable pressures. We show that SiO2 first undergoes a change in Si-O coordination number from fourfold to sixfold between...

A micropower-relevant model is extracted from the DC characteristics of an n-type buried channel Si/SiGe HMODFET (Hetero-junction Modulation Doped FET). This model is then used to design a novel monolithic SiGe single-stage class-A power amplifier for micropower operation (sub 500μW). The amplifier is fabricated and measured data of the power-gain versus operating power are presented here for t...

The SiGe/Si material system is recently a subject of increased research interest, since it provides beneficial band structure and transport properties due to strain. Monte Carlo method is used for analyzing these properties. Special focus is put on the description of the anisotropic majority/minority electron mobility in strained Si layers as a function of doping, electric field, and material c...