One of the basic possibilities orientation in forest stands is use global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Today, these are used for pedestrian and also off-road vehicle navigation. This article presents results research aimed at measuring quality GNSS signal different types coniferous deciduous vegetation purpose optimizing vehicles. To determine structure (density) stand, tachymetry was c...

The power of a group DWDM signal increases nonlinear interference in the optical path, especially value FWM. These interfering factors degrade transmission quality and can completely disable WDM system. Therefore, when designing system, it is necessary to optimize transmitted minimize probability error channel. article presents research results analysis affecting fiber-optic communication syste...