The sign-rank of a real matrix M is the least rank of a matrix R in which every entry has the same sign as the corresponding entry of M.We determine the sign-rank of every matrix of the form M = [ D(|x ∧ y|) ]x,y, where D : {0, 1, . . . , n} → {−1,+1} is given and x and y range over {0, 1}n . Specifically, we prove that the sign-rank of M equals 22̃(k), where k is the number of times D changes s...

K e y w o r d s: Family of Sign RCA Models, Value at Risk, backtesting, loss function.

1 We present a functional data analysis (FDA) based method to statistically model continuous signs of the American Sign Language (ASL) for use in the recognition of signs in continuous sentences. We build models in the Space of Probability Functions (SoPF) that captures the evolution of the relationships among the low-level features (e.g. edge pixels) in each frame. The distribution (histogram)...

Facial expressions in sign language carry a variety of communicative features. While emotion can modulate a spoken utterance through changes in intonation, duration and intensity, in sign language specific facial expressions presented concurrently with a manual sign perform this function. When deaf adult signers cannot see facial features, their ability to judge emotion in a signed utterance is...

Evidence from sign language strongly supports three positions: (1) language is a coherent system with universal properties; (2) sign languages diverge from spoken languages in some aspects of their structure; and (3) domain-external factors can be identified that account for some crucial aspects of language structure -- uniform and diverse -- in both modalities. Assuming that any of these posit...

OpenID, a standard for Web single sign-on, has been gaining popularity both with Identity Providers, Relying Parties, and users. This paper collects the security issues in OpenID found by others, occasionally extended by the authors, and presents them in a uniform way. It attempts to combine the shattered knowledge into a clear overview. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness about securit...

Although often debated as though it were public law, a FRAND undertaking is a private contract between a patent-holder and an SSO. Applying ordinary principles of contract interpretation to the case of ETSI IPR policy reveals that “interpretations” of FRAND advocated by some authors—including cumulative royalty limits, royalties set by counting patents, or a prohibition on capture by the patent...