Aggregation of highly phosphorylated tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Nevertheless, animal models demonstrate that tau-mediated dysfunction/toxicity may not require large tau aggregates but instead may be caused by soluble hyper-phosphorylated tau or by small tau oligomers. Challenging this widely held view, we use multiple techniques to show that insoluble tau ol...

Abnormal phosphorylation and toxicity of a microtubule-associated protein tau are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, what pathological conditions trigger tau abnormality in AD is not fully understood. A reduction in the number of mitochondria in the axon has been implicated in AD. In this study, we investigated whether and how loss of axonal mitochondria promotes...

Last year, SpLC an ISCA Special Interest Group (SIG) centered around Speaker and Language Characterization was born. The aims of this paper are to present the SpLC SIG, its objectives, and the work done during the first year.

No desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), ferramentas como servidores de mapas são utilizadas para dar suporte à busca, recuperação e visualização de mapas. Uma ferramenta de código-aberto muito utilizada é o MapServer, um ambiente de desenvolvimento de SIG para Web desenvolvido pela Universidade de Minnesota [Carvalho, 2004]. Para utilizar o MapServer é necessário que o de...

Knowledge acquisition is a bottleneck in AI applications. Neural learning is a new perspective in knowledge acquisition. In our approach we have extended Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) by the U-matrix method for the discovery of structures resp. classes. We have developed a machine learning algorithm, called SIG*, which automated extracts rules out of SOFM which are trained to cl...

The microtubule-associated protein tau accumulates in Alzheimer's and other fatal dementias, which manifest when forebrain neurons die. Recent advances in understanding these disorders indicate that brain dysfunction precedes neurodegeneration, but the role of tau is unclear. Here, we show that early tau-related deficits develop not from the loss of synapses or neurons, but rather as a result o...

Human neuroblastoma cells, LAN, were used to study the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau proteins. These cells contained mainly a form of tau comparable to fetal brain tau in molecular weight (55 kDa). Neuroblastoma tau reacted with antibodies that recognize epitopes spanning the whole tau molecule (E-1, Alz50, Tau-1, and Tau46), and antibodies (PHF-1, NP8, and T3P) that recognize hy...

OBJECTIVE To compare response and remission rates in depressed patients with chronic treatment-resistant depression (TRD) treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) Therapy(®) plus treatment as usual (VNS + TAU) or TAU alone in a meta-analysis using Bayesian hierarchical models. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Six outpatient, multicenter, clinical trials that have evaluated VNS + TAU or TAU ...