Complex social and economic forces have placed patient autonomy at the center of medical ethics, and thereby displaced an older ethic of physician beneficence. This development arose, and is sustained, by waning trust in the traditional doctor-patient relationship. As patients have increasingly become clients and consumers, a contract basis for medical care has put the ancient covenant of care ...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy has emerged as a recognized operative method for inguinal hernia repair. This study compared the short-term results of two tension-free methods of repair: totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic patch repair and the open Lichtenstein mesh technique. METHODS A total of 1513 men from 11 hospitals who presented with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia we...

sea shores of gilan province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in iran. this area have valuable forests and grasslands. in addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. however waste management instruction have been ratified in iran, there isn’t any specific...

BACKGROUND Timely return to work after longterm sickness absence and the increased use of flexible work arrangements together with partial health-related benefits are tools intended to increase participation in work life. Although partial sickness benefit and partial disability pension are used in many countries, prospective studies on their use are largely lacking. Partial sickness benefit was...

This study investigates the degree to which internalizing disorders (anxiety and mood disorders) are prospectively associated with sick leave granted for mental and somatic disorders, and the extent to which common genetic and environmental risk factors influence these relationships. Data include self-reported symptoms of psychological distress from 7,598 young adult twins and diagnostic interv...

The phrase "pragmatic enrichment" is sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to the process in virtue of which the content conveyed by an utterance comes to include all sorts of elements which are contextually implied without being part of what the utterance literally means. In his class notes "Pragmatic Enrichment : Introduction by Examples," Chris Potts gives examples like the following: (1)...

BACKGROUND Sick leave due to neck, shoulder and back disorders (NSBD) is higher among health-care workers, especially nursing aides/assistant nurses, compared with employees in other occupations. More information is needed about predictors of sick leave among health care workers. The aim of the study was to assess whether self-reported factors related to health, work and leisure time could pred...

Sea shores of Gilan Province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in Iran. This area have valuable forests and grasslands. In addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. Considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. However waste management instruction have been ratified in Iran, there isn’t any specific...

While I was confined to bed with the flu, my partner went to the local library to find me " something decent to read. " He returned with a kid's book! It's not often children's book makes it to the pages of a professional and academic journal, but Gael Jennings' humorous, yet informative, take on the gorier aspects of the history of medicine makes a fine exception. Jennings spent more than 10 y...