T he normal portal vascular system transports venous blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the hepatic sinusoids and ultimately the hepatic veins and caudal vena cava. Portosystemic shunting (PSS) occurs when abnormal vascular connections occur between the portal and systemic venous systems, bypassing the liver. This can be acquired secondary to portal hypertension arising...

Placement of catheters, drains, shunts, and tubes in children can lead to serious or even fatal complications at the moment of placement, such as hemorrhage at insertion, or in the longterm, such as infections and migration into adjacent organs. The clinician should always be aware of these potential complications, especially if the child is unwell. For postmortem diagnostic evaluation, either ...

This report presents a new, simple and reliable method of quantitating left-to-right shunts from arterial dilution surves. When indicatior (e,g., indocyanine green) is injected centrally (right venticle or pulmonary artery) and blood is withdrawn rapidly from either the aorta or other central systemic artery, in the presence of a left-to-right shunt to recorded indicator-dilution curve usually ...

Normal inclividuals breathing pure oxygen obtain full saturation of their hemoglobin, whereas those with right to left shunts do not. Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curves indicate that increases to full oxygen saturation of hemoglobin are accompanied by marked increases of the oxygen tension. WVhen breathing oxygen fails to produce full saturation, relatively little change in oxygen tension oc...

We report a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt malfunction: an intraparenchymal pericatheter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of VP-shunt-related parenchymal CSF cyst to be reported in an adult patient, and the longest reported delay in development of this complication after shunt placement. Mass effect and edema fr...