A Shallow foundation on cohesionless soil cannot support greater weights; piled raft foundations are recommended because they combine the load-bearing qualities of piles and raft. Combined Piled Raft Foundations (CRPF) efficient for tall buildings account both vertical lateral loads. In a pile foundation, raft’s load-resistance is disregarded due to soil-structure interaction. Simplification ma...

Earthquake and scouring are the leading causes of bridge failure worldwide, resulting not only in casualties fatalities but also enormous societal economic losses. A great number bridges earthquake-prone countries cross rivers have shallow foundations, which renders them highly vulnerable to combined effects earthquake flood-induced scour. Thus, research on dynamic response with foundations und...

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Cumulative settlement is one of the primary potential detrimental aspects of rocking foundations. It has been well documented that if the factor of safety against bearing failure is not very large (e.g., less than five or so), settlement can become significant. A series of footings of different shapes were subject to lateral slow cyclic loading on the centrifuge to study the effect of shape on ...

The development of slip lines, due to strain localization, is a common cause for failure of soil in many circumstances investigated in geotechnical engineering. Through the use of numerical methods -like finite elementsmany practitioners are able to take into account complex geometrical and physical conditions in their analyses. However, when dealing with shear bands, standard finite elements d...

The load-deformation observation under the footing is essential for foundation design. Either experimental methods or numerical modelling generally determines this phenomenon in engineering practices. This study determined settlement of shallow foundations on Multi-layer soil profile numerically. behavior was investigated through with Plaxis 2D. site Jamshoro region, located province Sindh, Pak...

Based on the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), this paper proposes an efficient metaheuristic for solving global optimization problems and optimizing two commonly encountered geotechnical engineering structures: reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls shallow spread foundations. Two new equations leader- followers-position-updating procedures were introduced in proposed adaptive (ASSA). This c...