Shallow-n grammars (de Gispert et al., 2010) were introduced to reduce over-generation in the Hiero translation model (Chiang, 2005) resulting in much faster decoding and restricting reordering to a desired level for specific language pairs. However, Shallow-n grammars require parameters which cannot be directly optimized using minimum error-rate tuning by the decoder. This paper introduces som...

This paper evaluates the challenges involved in shallow parsing of Dravidian languages which are highly agglutinative and morphologically rich. Text processing tasks in these languages are not trivial because multiple words concatenate to form a single string with morpho-phonemic changes at the point of concatenation. This phenomenon known as Sandhi, in turn complicates the individual word iden...

[1] Tsunami earthquakes, shallow events that produce larger tsunamis than expected given their surface wave magnitudes (Ms), typically have long durations and a source spectrum depleted in short period energy. Seven cases of underthrusting tsunami earthquakes provide information on the rupture processes, but little constraint on geographic distribution or frequency. We compare their rupture cha...

This study describes the dependence of the surface electric field to the junction depth of source/drain-extension, and the suppression of gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) in fully depleted shallow junction gate-overlapped source/drain-extension (SDE). The GIDL can be reduced by reducing shallow junction depth of drain-extension. Total space charges are a function of junction depth in fully dep...

CATCG is a shallow parser for Catalan. It uses the Constraint Grammar formalism and contains three basic tools: a morphological analyser, a POS tagger and a shallow parser.

Detailed log facies studies of Miocene succession in the well Rashidpur-04, Rashidpur structure, Surma Basin were carried out by integrating wireline log and limited core sample data in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironments of deposition. Based on the analysis of the log motifs, grain size, sand/shale ratio and major change in gamma ray log motifs, two major depositional sequences were ide...

In shallow foundations, the third bearing capacity factor, N, has been found to show a decreasing tendency with increasing the foundation size. It is supported by experimental observations and related mainly to stress level dependent nature of the soil. On the other hand, the bearing capacity is often obtained theoretically without consideration of the foundation vertical displacements. In thi...

The study on physiochemical factors and primary production of the aquatic ecosystems is important to know the characteristic of environment and capacity of recharge. Mahshahr creeks are the most important creeks in Khuzestan, Iran. In this study, variations in physiochemical factors, chl-a and primary production in 3 regions (Mahshahr, Zangi, and Moussa entrance creeks) were evaluated in 2 mont...

Rice is an essential crop in Iran that is grown mostly in areas where depth to groundwater is low. Root growth and water uptake of rice under shallow groundwater has not been thoroughly studied. This experiment was conducted to determine the lowland rice (cv. Ghasrodashti) root distribution above shallow groundwater in relation to deficit irrigation and groundwater depth in cylindrical gre...

3 Shallow embedding of HyperCTL* 3 3.1 Kripke structures and paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2 Shallow representations of formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.3 Reasoning rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4 More derived operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....