The effects of feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and shade were evaluated on blood metabolites in finishing beef steers ( = 480). Cattle were fed 0 or 8.33 mg/kg of diet DM ZH for 21 d with a 3- or 4-d withdrawal before harvest and were housed in open or shaded pens. Blood samples were collected the day before ZH was fed and on the day the cattle were shipped to the commercial abattoir. Lac...

Many spider orb-webs are exposed to sunlight and the potentially damaging effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. We examined the effect of UVB on the viscoelastic glycoprotein core of glue droplets deposited on the prey capture threads of these webs, hypothesizing that webs built by species that occupy sunny habitats are less susceptible to UVB damage than are webs built by species that pref...

During winter, the light-harvesting complexes of evergreen plants change function from energy-harvesting to energy-dissipating centers. The goal of our study was to monitor changes in the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus that accompany these functional changes. Seasonal changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment concentration, and abundance and phosphorylation status of photosynthe...

Shaded relief derived automatically from digital elevation models differs distinctly from traditional manual shading. Particularly at small scales, many small topographic details that are present in terrain models disturb the clear portrayal of the main relief features. Automatic shading is therefore not appropriate for high-quality cartographic products. This paper proposes a new method of gen...

Received Sep 9, 2017 Revised Oct 28, 2017 Accepted Nov 15, 2017 Wind energy and solar energy are the prime energy sources which are being utilized for renewal energy. The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array for solar energy is affected by temperature, irradiation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays are shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighborin...

It is showed how the Hamiltonian lattice loop representation can be cast straightforwardly in the Lagrangian formalism. The procedure is general and here we present the simplest case: pure compact QED. This connection has been shaded by the non canonical character of the algebra of the fundamental loop operators. The loops represent tubes of electric flux and can be considered the dual objects ...

(Seedling growth of fifteen Brazilian tropical tree species differing in successional status). Growth of seedlings of fifteen tropical tree species representative, at the adult stage, of different successional positions, was studied under field conditions. Seedlings were grown in three treatments: full sun (FS), artificial shade imposed by neutral screens (AS) and natural shade imposed by a clo...

The influence of maturing and ripening on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin accumulation was examined using bagged, non-bagged and shaded ‘Jonathan’ (Malus domestica) apples. Bagged fruit were covered with paper bags from mid-June at an early stage of fruit growth. Shaded apples were insulated from sunlight by newspaper at the beginning of colouring (middle September). ...