Objective: To assess long term outcome of adolescents with a gender identity disorder (GID). Design: Longitudinal cohort study with two assessments: pre-treatment (PreT), shortly after their initial attendance at the gender identity clinic and post-treatment (PostT), at least one year after gender reassignment surgery (GRS). Setting: Gender identity clinic. Participants: Twenty-seven young adul...

Despite recent European advances in transgender rights, some legal systems have still handicaps related with obligatory diagnosis, sterilisation, and medical interventions, taking societal acceptance public order into their discourse. This study dealing the regime of gender recognition Turkey first reveals critical reciprocating historical developments national regulations on affirming trans id...

Gender reassignment surgery has gained in popularity with increased media exposure and society's recognition of gender dysphoria. Female-to-male gender reassignment often begins with the "top" or chest surgery. Mastectomy with free nipple grafting is the most frequently described technique in the literature. This technique is reliable yet lacks the ability to provide a true male chest shape. We...

Transgender patients are individuals whose gender identity is not related to their biological sex. Assuming a new gender identity that does not conform to societal norms often results in discrimination and barriers to health care. The exact number of transgender patients is unknown; however, these patients are increasingly seen in health care. Transgender individuals may experience provider-gen...

BACKGROUND Gender differences in the chronotropic effects of infused isoprenaline have previously been described. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible gender differences in hypokalaemic, chronotropic, and electrocardiographic effects of inhaled terbutaline. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers (10 female) were recruited (mean age 24 years for women (F) and 22 years for men (M...

OBJECTIVE To describe sexual desire in female-to-male transsexual persons post sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The associations between serum androgen levels and sexual desire are examined. DESIGN Single center cross-sectional study. METHODS Forty-five female-to-male transsexual persons post SRS completed a standardized questionnaire assessing sexual desire (Sexual Desire Inventory). In add...

INTRODUCTION • 2 I. THE REMARKABLE CASE OF JOHN/JOAN • 5 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SURGICAL STANDARD OF CARE • 12 A. Standards of Care Within the Medical Community • 12 B. The Surgical Standard in Treatment ofAmbiguous Genitalia . 16 C. Standard Care and Malpractice Claims 27 III. PARENTAL CONSENT TO GENITAL SURGERY AND SEX REASSIGNMENT ON BEHALF OF CHILDREN • 34 A. The Doctrine of Informed Cons...

Coastal tourism is the largest segment of global leisure tourism and it is firmly linked to the destination’s natural resources—with climatic resources chief among them. Through observations and survey responses of beach users, studies have evaluated climatic resources for coastal tourism by quantifying optimal and unacceptable conditions. However, these studies have not taken into consideratio...